Table 4.
Concomitant medication usage within an opioid-using population with comparisons of non-OUDs (n = 2,838,880) and OUDs (n = 2,913).
| Medication | Non-OUDs | OUDs | Comparison of Non-OUDs and OUDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | X2 | |
| Alpha Agonist | 11,524 (0.4) | 139 (4.8) | 1346.50*** |
| Anticonvulsant | 190,228 (6.7) | 977 (33.5) | 3335.79*** |
| Other Antidepressants | 338,870 (11.9) | 1,321 (45.3) | 3079.58*** |
| SSRI | 414,946 (14.6) | 1,302 (44.7) | 2103.63*** |
| Tricyclics | 220,385 (7.8) | 1,146 (39.3) | 4032.66*** |
| Antipsychotic/Neuroleptic | 2,811 (0.1) | 12 (0.4) | 25.66*** |
| Atypical Antipsychotic | 50,932 (1.8) | 691 (23.7) | 7832.31*** |
| Antispasmodic | 15,341 (0.5) | 108 (3.7) | 534.02*** |
| Anxiolytic | 31,280 (1.1) | 235 (8.1) | 1281.15*** |
| Benzodiazepines | 553,373 (19.5) | 1,531 (52.6) | 2022.54*** |
| Beta Blocker | 41,238 (1.5) | 132 (4.5) | 190.14*** |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | 173,186 (6.1) | 148 (5.1) | 5.11* |
| Corticosteroids | 432,342 (15.2) | 576 (19.8) | 46.18*** |
| Cox 2 Inhibitors | 414,720 (14.6) | 493 (16.9) | 12.32** |
| Hemorrheological | 8,965 (0.3) | 3 (0.1) | 3.54 |
| Local Anesthetic | 39,520 (1.4) | 159 (5.5) | 346.52*** |
| Neuroleptic | 168 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 31.07*** |
| NSAIDs | 845,243 (29.8) | 1,301 (44.7) | 307.69*** |
| Skeletal Muscle Relaxant | 468,465 (16.5) | 1,177 (40.4) | 1203.54*** |
| THC Derivative for Pain | 1,812 (0.1) | 10 (0.3) | 31.27*** |
| Sumatriptan | 5,652 (0.2) | 18 (0.6) | 23.58*** |
*
p< .05
**
p<.001
***
p<.0001