Figure 3. Wolbachia sequence in a Dictyocaulus viviparus genome assembly.

A. Taxon-annotated GC%-coverage plot of the primary D. viviparus genome assembly, with contigs that have significant matches to Wolbachia proteins highlighted in red. A total of 193 contigs spanning 1 Mb (out of a total assembly span of 169 Mb) had significant similarity to Wolbachia. B. Circos plot comparing the 25 longest of the D. viviparus genome contigs that contained Wolbachia-like sequence to the genome of the Wolbachia endosymbionts of the filarial nematode Brugia malayi (wBm) [9] and Onchocerca ochengi (wOo). The arcs show BLASTn-derived matches between the contigs and the genome sequences. Transcripts from D. viviparus mapped to the assembly are reported as green lines in the outer circle of the figure. C. Frequency histogram illustrating the different patterns of coverage of the Wolbachia-like scaffolds (black) compared to the nuclear genome scaffolds (green). D. Frequency plot of similarity of D. viviparus Wolbachia-like sequences to wBm (blue) and wOo (the Wolbachia endosymbiont of the filarial nematode Onchocerca ochengi) (red). Each D. viviparus Wolbachia-like segment was split into 500 bp fragments, and the best percentage identity with the reference genomes calculated using BLASTn. E. The Wolbachia-like fragments identified in the D. viviparus genome assembly are co-assembled with nematode genes, and have accumulated multiple inactivating mutations. Two putative Wolbachia insertions in nuclear contigs are shown in views derived from the gBrowse genome viewer. Each panel shows (from top to bottom) the whole scaffold with the zoomed-in region highlighted, the GC% plot for the scaffold, the scale for the zoomed-in region, the read coverage for the zoomed-in region, the genes called by RAST in the zoomed in region and the genes called by AUGUSTUS in the zoomed-in region. The upper plot shows scaffold00357 while the lower plot shows scaffold00506.