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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 5.
Published in final edited form as: Gut. 2013 Jul 13;63(6):871–880. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269

Table 2.

Poisson regression analysis of trends in the prevalence of GERD worldwide

Included studies Number of studies Rate ratio* (95% CI) p Value†
Temporal trends in GERD prevalence
Study year
    Pre-1995 [11 20 21] 3 Reference
    1995–1999 [9 10 14 18 22 28 33 34] 8 1.45 (1.22 to 1.73) <0.0001
    2000–2004 [8 13 17 19 26 30 32 35] 8 1.46 (1.23 to 1.74) <0.0001
    2005–2009 [15 16 23–25 27 29 31 36] 9 1.51 (1.26 to 1.82) <0.0001
Geographic trends in GERD prevalence
Study continent
    North America [8–11 13] 5 Reference
    East Asia [30–35] 6 0.24 (0.22 to 0.26) <0.0001
    Europe [15–22] 8 0.68 (0.63 to 0.73) <0.0001
    Middle East [23–29] 7 0.70 (0.64 to 0.77) <0.0001

Prevalence of at least weekly heartburn used as a surrogate for the prevalence of at least weekly heartburn and/or regurgitation, when no estimate of the prevalence of at least weekly heartburn and/or regurgitation was available.

*

Assessed using a Poisson regression model, adjusted for geographic region of study conduct.

†

Assessed using the Wald χ2 test.

GERD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.