Table 3. Nested mixed-model Ancova for reproductive and phenological traits of Trifolium montanum and Ranunculus bulbosus grown under ambient and elevated temperature.
| Number of flowers | Reproductive allocation | Budding start | Flowering start | ||||||
| d.f. | MS | F | MS | F | MS | F | MS | F | |
| T. montanum | |||||||||
| Initial plant size | 1 | 64.76 | 47.07*** | 1.96 | 42.38*** | 24721.90 | 30.61*** | 17.43 | 36.37*** |
| Temp | 1 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 5641.00 | 6.98** | 11.24 | 23.46*** |
| Orig | 1 | 6.33 | 4.60 | 0.12 | 2.55 | 7049.00 | 8.73* | 10.79 | 22.51** |
| Pop[Orig] | 18 | 2.49 | 3 | 0.09 | 1.84 | 680.80 | 0.84 | 0.58 | 1.22 |
| Temp × Orig | 1 | 8.53 | 6.20 | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 2.09 |
| Temp × Pop | 17–18 | 0.96 | 0.70 | 0.03 | 0.71 | 340.00 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 0.47 |
| Residuals | 77–128 | 1.38 | 0.05 | 807.80 | 0.48 | ||||
| R. bulbosus | |||||||||
| Initial plant size | 1 | 18.19 | 22.86*** | 0.12 | 8.82* | 3312.60 | 23.61*** | 3925.90 | 26.58*** |
| Temp | 1 | 3.08 | 3.87 | 0.02 | 1.73 | 1188.00 | 8.47*** | 2238.00 | 15.15*** |
| Orig | 1 | 1.88 | 2.36 | 0.14 | 10.12 | 627.10 | 4.47 | 2197.50 | 14.88(*) |
| Pop[Orig] | 12 | 0.97 | 1.23 | 0.02 | 1.27 | 391.80 | 2.79(*) | 219.70 | 1.49 |
| Temp × Orig | 1 | 0.69 | 0.86 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 16.90 | 0.12 | 3.30 | 0.02 |
| Temp × Pop | 12 | 0.77 | 0.97 | 0.02 | 1.67 | 30.30 | 0.22 | 29.00 | 0.20 |
| Residuals | 45–59 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 140.30 | 147.70 | ||||
d.f., degrees of freedom; MS, mean squares; F, F-values; Initial plant size, covariate; Temp, temperature treatment; Orig, altitude of population origin; Pop, population. Residual d.f. vary per trait due to missingness. Bonferroni-corrected significance levels within species are indicated by asterisks: ***P Bonf <0.001, **P Bonf <0.01, *P Bonf <0.05, (*)P Bonf<0.08.