Table 3.
Weighted Multivariable Associations between Correctly Identified at Least One Alcohol Brand and Alcohol Outcomes in a National U.S. Sample.
| Has Had Complete Drink* | Has Ever Had Binge† | Binges† at Least Monthly | Had Problems from Drinking‡ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | N = 2541 | n = 1488 | n = 1488 | n = 1488 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) § | Adjusted OR (95% CI) § | Adjusted OR (95% CI) § | Adjusted OR (95% CI) § | ||
| Correctly Identified at Least One Alcohol Brand | |||||
| No | 91 | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Yes | 9 | 2.1 (1.2,3.8) | 2.0 (1.2,3.3) | 2.2 (0.9, 5.3) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) |
| Age | |||||
| 15–16 | 23 | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] |
| 17–18 | 22 | 1.9 (1.3,2.6) | 1.6 (0.9, 2.8) | 2.0 (1.0,4.1) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) |
| 19–20 | 21 | 3.1 (2.0,4.9) | 2.3 (1.3,4.0) | 2.5 (1.2,5.2) | 1.4 (0.8,2.7) |
| 21–23 | 34 | 12.9 (7.6, 21.7) | 2.8 (1.7,4.7) | 3.2 (1.6,6.2) | 1.4 (0.9,2.3) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 51 | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Female | 49 | 0.8 (0.6,1.1) | 0.4 (0.3,0.5) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.8 (0.5,1.1) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 58 | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Black | 15 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.4 (0.2,1.1) | 0.1 (0.0,0.6) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.3) |
| Hispanic | 19 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.2) | 1.6 (0.9,2.7) |
| Other | 8 | 0.8 (0.5,1.3) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) |
| Socioeconomic Status | |||||
| Low | 33 | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Medium | 34 | 1.4 (0.9,2.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.8 (0.5,1.2) |
| High | 34 | 1.1 (0.7,1.6) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.6,1.5) |
| Sensation Seeking | |||||
| Low | 35 | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Medium | 34 | 2.0 (1.4,2.9) | 1.8 (1.1,3.0) | 2.7 (1.3,5.7) | 2.6 (1.6,4.2) |
| High | 31 | 3.3 (2.2,4.9) | 2.7 (1.8,4.2) | 4.6 (2.5, 8.8) | 3.3 (2.0, 5.4) |
| Friend Alcohol Use | |||||
| None or a few | 45 | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] |
| More than a few | 14 | 2.9 (2.0,4.1) | 2.0 (1.2,3.4) | 2.3 (0.9, 6.0) | 1.6 (0.8, 2.9) |
| Most | 40 | 6.2 (4.1,9.3) | 4.7 (3.1,7.0) | 8.6 (4.1, 17.9) | 3.7 (2.3,6.2) |
| Parental Alcohol Use | |||||
| None or occasionally | 72 | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Weekly | 16 | 2.3 (1.7,3.2) | 1.4 (1.0,2.1) | 1.8 (1.0,3.0) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) |
| Daily | 12 | 2.7 (1.7,4.2) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 1.9 (1.1,3.5) | 1.7 (1.0,2.9) |
A drink was defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 2 ounces of hard liquor.
A binge was defined as 6 or more drinks in a single sitting (AUDIT criteria).
Specific problems asked about included (1) inability to stop drinking; (2) failure to do something important that they had to do; (3) needing a drink of alcohol the next morning; (4) feeling guilty after drinking; (5) forgetting what happened while they were drinking; (6) injuring themselves or someone else because of drinking; or (7) being told by someone that they had a drinking problem.
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sensation seeking, friend alcohol use, and parent alcohol use.