Table 1.
Participant characteristics for adult Caucasian ever smokers (n = 774) and never smokers (n = 604)
| Ever smoker | Never smoker | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CCA IMT (μm) | 99.30 (47.27) | 90.42 (44.59) | <0.01 |
| Age (year) | 54.86 (5.56) | 54.39 (5.65) | 0.12 |
| Male | 373 (48.19) | 275 (45.53) | 0.35 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.01 (5.48) | 28.05 (5.55) | 0.89 |
| Physical activity (MET-hours/week) | 2440.0 (2624.9) | 2697.3 (2882.1) | 0.09 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 196.01 (36.42) | 198.79 (36.62) | 0.16 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 52.20 (16.27) | 51.92 (14.98) | 0.74 |
| Triglycerides (10 mg/dl) | 135.74 (91.42) | 135.69 (118.54) | 0.99 |
| Inflammatory marker IL6 (pg/ml) | 1.40 (1.25) | 1.23 (1.13) | <0.01 |
| Inflammatory marker CRP (mg/l) | 3.25 (4.39) | 3.42 (6.10) | 0.57 |
| Diabetes | 38 (4.91) | 25 (4.14) | 0.58 |
| Use of anti-diabetic drugs | 27 (3.49) | 19 (3.15) | 0.84 |
| Use of lipid lowering medications | 115 (14.86) | 84 (13.91) | 0.67 |
| Hemostatic marker fibrinogen | 323.38 (68.08) | 325.60 (66.85) | 0.54 |
| Alcohol consumption (drinks/week) | 7.21 (10.81) | 3.83 (7.87) | <0.01 |
| Education | <0.01 | ||
| Low | 26 (3.36) | 11 (1.82) | |
| High-school | 375 (48.45) | 198 (32.78) | |
| College | 172 (22.22) | 166 (27.48) | |
| Graduate | 201 (25.97) | 229 (37.91) | |
| Income ($) | 0.15 | ||
| < 25K | 82 (10.59) | 51 (8.44) | |
| 25 – 50K | 179 (23.13) | 139 (23.01) | |
| 50 – 100K | 296 (38.24) | 214 (35.43) | |
| > 100K | 217 (28.04) | 200 (33.11) |
Continuous covariates: mean presented with standard deviation in parentheses; Binary or polytomous covariates: total (n) presented with percentage (%) in parentheses.
*
P-values obtained from t-tests for continuous covariates and from chi-squared tests for binary or polytomous covariates.