Table II.
Weighted prevalence of sociodemographic characteristics of Latino participants by food security status, 1999–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n=6,681)a
| Characteristics | Fully secure | Marginally secure | Low food security | P-Valueb | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||
| (n=4240, 63.3%) | (n=1015, 16.0%) | (n=1426, 20.7%) | (n= 6,681) | ||
| n (%)c | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Smoking status | |||||
| Current smoker | 689 (19.7) | 221 (26.4) | 316 (25.7) | 0.01 | 1226 (22.0) |
| Former smoker | 1012 (19.8) | 201 (15.4) | 302 (18.0) | 1515 (18.7) | |
| Never smoker | 2536 (60.6) | 589 (58.2) | 806 (56.3) | 3931 (59.3) | |
| Language spoken at home | |||||
| Only/mostly Spanish | 2149 (48.1) | 683 (63.8) | 1037 (66.5) | <0.001 | 3869 (54.5) |
| Both equally | 651 (15.0) | 109 (11.5) | 160 (15.3) | 920 (14.5) | |
| Only/mostly English | 1401 (37.0) | 220 (24.7) | 221 (18.2) | 1842 (31.1) | |
| Years in the U.S. | |||||
| <5 | 341 (11.1) | 128 (14.8) | 237 (16.7) | <0.001 | 706 (12.8) |
| 5–9 | 314 (8.9) | 142 (16.1) | 203 (14.2) | 659 (11.1) | |
| 10–19 | 504 (14.9) | 157 (17) | 275 (21) | 936 (16.5) | |
| 20+ | 1190 (24) | 248 (19.9) | 301 (19.1) | 1739 (22.3) | |
| Born in U.S. | 1826 (41.2) | 309 (32.2) | 366 (29) | 2501 (37.3) | |
| Nativity | |||||
| Born in other Latin American country | 702 (28.3) | 157 (25.7) | 206 (22.8) | <0.001 | 1065 (26.7) |
| Born in Mexico | 1711 (31.1) | 549 (43.1) | 854 (49.1) | 3114 (36.8) | |
| Born in U.S. | 1826 (40.6) | 309 (31.2) | 366 (28.2) | 2501 (36.5) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 2028 (50.7) | 456 (48.5) | 678 (50.6) | 0.42 | 3162 (50.3) |
| Female | 2212 (49.3) | 559 (51.5) | 748 (49.4) | 3519 (49.7) | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| 60+ | 1377 (13.5) | 234 (8.6) | 359 (10.2) | 0.01 | 1970 (12.0) |
| 40–59 | 1250 (32.3) | 273 (29.3) | 414 (32.7) | 1937 (31.9) | |
| 20–39 | 1613 (54.2) | 508 (62.1) | 653 (57.1) | 2774 (56.1) | |
| Poverty index ratio | |||||
| Mean (95% confidence interval) | 2.45 (2.35–2.56) | 1.42 (1.29–1.54) | 1.17 (1.05–1.29) | <0.001 | |
| Education | |||||
| < High school | 2087 (38.8) | 655 (59.6) | 1056 (65.1) | < 0.001 | 3798 (47.6) |
| High school diploma/GED | 801 (21.2) | 178 (19.3) | 201 (17.8) | 1180 (20.2) | |
| Some college or associate degree | 901 (26.2) | 147 (17.8) | 142 (13.8) | 1190 (22.3) | |
| College graduate + | 439 (13.8) | 31 (3.3) | 25 (3.4) | 495 (10.0) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 2872 (58.4) | 695 (57.6) | 928 (52.9) | 0.24 | 4495 (57.1) |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 762 (13.9) | 172 (12.3) | 293 (15.7) | 1227 (14.0) | |
| Never married | 1975 (27.7) | 545 (30.1) | 846 (31.4) | 336 (28.9) | |
| Citizenship | |||||
| Not U.S. citizen | 1418 (36.7) | 531 (53.5) | 814 (54.4) | <0.001 | 2763 (43.0) |
| Citizen by birth or naturalization | 2807 (63.3) | 477 (46.5) | 606 (45.6) | 3890 (57.0) | |
| Survey year | |||||
| 1999–2000 | 1016 (23.9) | 210 (20.9) | 323 (17.8) | 0.05 | 1549 (22.2) |
| 2001–2002 | 789 (19.5) | 152 (15.3) | 298 (22.2) | 1239 (19.4) | |
| 2003–2004 | 722 (17.6) | 153 (14.8) | 223 (21.4) | 1098 (17.9) | |
| 2005–2006 | 659 (17.6) | 214 (22.3) | 245 (16.6) | 1118 (18.1) | |
| 2007–2008 | 1054 (21.4) | 286 (26.7) | 337 (22.1) | 1677 (22.4) | |
a
Due to missing data, some demographic categories may not sum to the n indicated in column heading. Percentages may not sum to 100.0% due to rounding.
b
Likelihood ratio chi-squares and t statistics between smoking status and covariates.
c
Percents are weighted.