Table 5.
Risk factors for ≥ A1 and ≥ F1 of protocol liver biopsy at five years after living donor liver transplantation: univariable analysis
| Variables | Incidence of ≥ A1 (%) | P-value | Incidence of ≥ F1 (%) | P-value |
| Recipient age at LDLT | ||||
| < 12 mo (n = 18) vs ≥ 12 mo (n = 37) | 38.9 vs 51.4 | 0.385 | 38.9 vs 32.4 | 0.637 |
| Recipient body weight at LDLT | ||||
| < 10 kg (n = 29) vs ≥ 10 kg (n = 26) | 41.4 vs 53.8 | 0.355 | 55.0 vs 30.8 | 0.577 |
| Original disease | ||||
| Cholestatic diseases (n = 45) vs others (n = 10) | 46.7 vs 50.0 | 0.850 | 35.6 vs 33.3 | 0.738 |
| PELD or MELD | ||||
| ≥ 20 (n = 12) vs < 20 (n = 43) | 41.7 vs 48.8 | 0.660 | 41.7 vs 52.6 | 0.558 |
| Donor age | ||||
| ≥ 35 yr (n = 22) vs < 35 yr (n = 33) | 40.9 vs 51.5 | 0.440 | 36.4 vs 33.3 | 0.816 |
| Gender combinations between donor and recipient | ||||
| Mismatch (n = 30) vs match (n = 25) | 53.3 vs 40.0 | 0.324 | 40.0 vs 28.0 | 0.352 |
| ABO compatibility | ||||
| incompatible (n = 7) vs others (n = 48) | 42.9 vs 47.9 | 0.802 | 28.6 vs 35.4 | 0.722 |
| HLA-A | ||||
| Mismatch (n = 41) vs match (n = 14) | 51.2 vs 35.7 | 0.316 | 39.0 vs 21.4 | 0.232 |
| HLA-B | ||||
| Mismatch (n = 52) vs match (n = 3) | 48.1 vs 33.3 | 0.619 | 32.7 vs 66.7 | 0.229 |
| HLA-DRB1 | ||||
| Mismatch (n = 47) vs match (n = 8) | 51.1 vs 25.0 | 0.172 | 36.2 vs 25.0 | 0.539 |
| Lymphocyte cross-matching | ||||
| ≥ 4 × (n = 16) vs negative (n = 39) | 31.3 vs 53.8 | 0.127 | 18.8 vs 41.0 | 0.115 |
| GV/SLV | ||||
| < 40 % (n = 2) vs ≥ 40 % (n = 53) | 0.0 vs 49.1 | 0.173 | 0.0 vs 35.8 | 0.295 |
| Graft type | ||||
| Lateral segment graft (n = 43) vs others (n = 12) | 51.2 vs 33.3 | 0.274 | 39.5 vs 16.7 | 0.141 |
| Operation time | ||||
| ≥ 20 h (n = 16) vs < 20 h (n = 39) | 37.5 vs 51.3 | 0.352 | 31.3 vs 35.9 | 0.742 |
| Cold ischemic time | ||||
| ≥ 2 h (n = 40) vs < 2 h (n = 15) | 55.0 vs 26.7 | 0.061 | 40.0 vs 20.0 | 0.165 |
| Warm ischemic time | ||||
| ≥ 1 h (n = 42) vs < 1 h (n = 13) | 42.9 vs 61.5 | 0.238 | 31.0 vs 46.2 | 0.314 |
| Blood loss volume | ||||
| ≥ 150 mL/kg (n = 11) vs < 150 mL/kg (n = 44) | 27.3 vs 52.3 | 0.137 | 27.3 vs 36.4 | 0.57 |
| Transfusion volume | ||||
| ≥ 100 mL/kg (n = 15) vs < 100 mL/kg (n = 40) | 40.0 vs 50.0 | 0.508 | 40.0 vs 32.5 | 0.603 |
| Splenectomy | ||||
| Yes (n = 2) vs No (n = 53) | 100.0 vs 45.3 | 0.128 | 0.0 vs 35.8 | 0.295 |
| Portal vein complications | ||||
| Yes (n = 9) vs No (n = 46) | 44.4 vs 47.8 | 0.852 | 33.3 vs 34.8 | 0.933 |
| Hepatic arterial complications | ||||
| Yes (n = 4) vs No (n = 51) | 25.0 vs 49.0 | 0.354 | 25.0 vs 35.3 | 0.677 |
| Hepaticojejunostomic anastomotic stricture | ||||
| Yes (n = 16) vs No (n = 39) | 31.3 vs 53.8 | 0.127 | 25.0 vs 38.5 | 0.340 |
| Cytomegalovirus infection | ||||
| Yes (n = 17) vs No (n = 38) | 47.1 vs 47.4 | 0.999 | 47.1 vs 28.9 | 0.192 |
| Acute cellular rejection | ||||
| Yes (n = 23) vs No (n = 32) | 60.9 vs 37.5 | 0.087 | 47.8 vs 25.0 | 0.079 |
| Total bilirubin at PLB | ||||
| ≥ 0.7 mg/dL (n = 25) vs < 0.7 mg/dL (n = 30) | 48.0 vs 46.7 | 0.920 | 36.0 vs 33.3 | 0.836 |
| AST at PLB | ||||
| ≥ 30 IU/L (n = 22) vs < 30 IU/L (n = 33) | 54.5 vs 42.4 | 0.378 | 36.4 vs 33.3 | 0.816 |
| ALT at PLB | ||||
| ≥ 20 IU/L (n = 21) vs < 20 IU/L (n = 34) | 57.1 vs 41.2 | 0.249 | 28.6 vs 38.2 | 0.464 |
| γ-GTP at PLB | ||||
| ≥ 20 IU/L (n = 20) vs < 20 IU/L (n = 35) | 45.0 vs 48.6 | 0.799 | 30.0 vs 37.1 | 0.592 |
| Hyaluronic acid at PLB | ||||
| ≥ 20 ng/mL (n = 22) vs < 20 ng/mL (n = 33) | 50.0 vs 45.5 | 0.741 | 36.4 vs 33.3 | 0.816 |
| IgG at PLB | ||||
| ≥ 1200 mg/dL (n = 24) vs < 1200 mg/dL (n = 31) | 54.2 vs 41.9 | 0.368 | 41.7 vs 29.0 | 0.328 |
| ANA at PLB | ||||
| ≥ 20 × (n = 14) vs < 20 × (n = 41) | 35.7 vs 51.2 | 0.316 | 28.6 vs 36.6 | 0.586 |
| ASMA at PLB | ||||
| ≥ 20 × (n = 10) vs < 20 × (n = 45) | 70.0 vs 42.2 | 0.111 | 40.0 vs 33.3 | 0.688 |
| Trough of tacrolimus at PLB | ||||
| ≥ 3.0 ng/mL (n = 19) vs < 3.0 ng/mL (n = 33)1 | 52.6 vs 42.4 | 0.477 | 36.8 vs 33.3 | 0.797 |
1
Three cases which were used a cyclosporine were removed. LDLT: Living donor liver transplantation; PELD: Pediatric end-stage liver disease; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; GV/SLV: Ratio of graft volume to standard liver volume; PLB: Protocol liver biopsy; AST: Aspartate amino transferase; ALT: Alanine amino transferase; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; ANA: Antinuclear antibody; ASMA: Antismooth nuclear antibody.