Table 2. Global production of prequalified vaccines, Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), 1986–2013.
| Year | Global production |
Production in BRICS |
% of global manufacturers in BRICS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of vaccine types | No. of manufacturers | Country of manufacture | No. of manufacturers | Manufacturer (vaccines produced) | |||
| 1986 | 6 | 13 | 0 | – | 0 | ||
| 1996 | 13 | 18 | India | 1 | Serum Institute of India (DT, DTP, M, Td, TT) | 6 | |
| 2006 | 24 | 22 | Brazil | 1 | Bio-Manguinhos (YF) | 36 | |
| India | 7 | Biological E. (TT), Cadila Health Care (rabies), Chiron Behring Vaccines (rabies), Haffkine Bio Pharmaceutical Corporation (OPVa), Panacea Biotec (OPVa), Serum Institute of India (BCG, DT, DTP, DTP–hep B, hep B, M, MR, MMR, rubella, Td, TT), Shantha Biotechnics (hep B) | |||||
| 2012 | 33 | 27 | Brazil | 1 | Bio-Manguinhos (BMPa, YF) | 20 | |
| India | 8 | Bharat (hep B,b OPVa,b), Biological E. (Pent., TT), Cadila Health Care (rabies), Chiron Behring Vaccines (rabies), Haffkine Bio Pharmaceutical Corporation (OPV 1–3,a OPV 1,a OPV 1+3a), Panacea (DTP–hep B,b hep B,b OPV,a,b OPV 1+3a,b, Pent.b), Shantha Biotechnics (C, hep B,b Pent.,b TT), Serum Institute of India (BCG, DT, DTP, DTP–hep B, hep B, Hib, M, meningococcal A conjugate, MR, MMR, pandemic influenza, Pent., rubella, Td, TT) | |||||
| Russian Federation | 1 | Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides (YF) | |||||
| 2013 | 33 | 34 | Brazil | 1 | Bio-Manguinhos (BMP,a YF) | 27 | |
| China | 1 | Chengdu (JE live) | |||||
| India | 6 | Biological E. (JE, Pent., TT), Cadila Health Care (rabies), Chiron Behring Vaccines (rabies), Haffkine Bio Pharmaceutical Corporation (OPV, OPV 1,a OPV 1+3,a TT), Serum Institute of India (BCG, DT, DTP, Diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis–hep B, hep B, Hib, M, meningococcal A conjugate, MR, MMR, OPV,a OPV 1+3,a pandemic influenza, Pent., rubella, Td, TT), Shantha Biotechnics (C, hep B, TT) | |||||
| Russian Federation | 1 | Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides (YF) | |||||
BCG: bacille Calmette–Guérin; BMP: bivalent meningitis polysaccharide; BRICS: Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa; C: cholera; DT: diphtheria and tetanus; DTP: diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis; Hep: hepatitis; Hib: Haemophilus influenzae type b; JE: Japanese encephalitis, M: measles; MMR: measles, mumps and rubella; MR: measles and rubella; OPV: oral polio vaccine; Pent.: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b; Td: diphtheria toxoid; TT: tetanus toxoid; YF: yellow fever.
a Although the manufacturer technically produced the final vials of product, the starting material was imported bulk vaccine that had already been prequalified.
b Supplied over several years by the manufacturer but delisted in or before the year indicated.
Data sources: World Health Organization4 and the manufacturers’ websites.