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. 2014 May 8;5(5):e1209. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2014.175

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Copyright © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

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Effects of metformin on AMPK- and mTOR-dependent phosphorylation. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with retinoic acid and tetracycline. Cells were then incubated for 16 h with no addition or in the presence of 2.5 mM metformin. Levels of ACC, p-ACC (the product of AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ACC at Ser79) and tubulin were assayed by immunoblotting (a). Levels of RPS6, p-RPS6 (the product of mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of RPS6 at Ser240/244) and tubulin were measured by western blotting (c). Semiquantitative analysis of band intensities is expressed as p-ACC/ACC (b) or p-RPS6/RPS6 (d) ratios. Data in (b and d) are the means±S.E.M. of at least three independent experiments. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 versus the respective control group (black bar)