Table 1. The chemical profiles of commercial grape seed extracts (GSE) and its isolated fractions characterized by phloroglucinolysis and gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
| Procynidin | MCa | mDPb | galloylation | MMc | MMd | Masse | Terminal subunitsf | Extension subunitsf | ||||
| Fraction | (%) | (%) | (subunit) | (GPC 50%) | (%) | C | E | ECG | C-P | E-P | ECG-P | |
| GSE Controlg | 23.8 | 5.9 | 19 | 1871 | 1400 | 100 | 20.1 | 14.0 | 65.9 | 8.9 | 53.0 | 38.1 |
| F1 | 37.1 | 2.0 | 6 | 593 | 974 | 7 | 43.7 | 40.3 | 16.0 | 19.1 | 63.4 | 17.5 |
| F2 | 34.8 | 3.0 | 18 | 961 | 1870 | 8 | 22.3 | 16.9 | 60.8 | 11.6 | 59.8 | 28.6 |
| F3 | 30.7 | 4.4 | 22 | 1423 | 3330 | 9 | 19.6 | 12.3 | 68.1 | 7.5 | 52.6 | 39.9 |
| F4 | 14.4 | 6.5 | 23 | 2108 | 4490 | 11 | 19.6 | 10.3 | 70.2 | 7.6 | 47.3 | 45.1 |
| F5 | 19.2 | 7.5 | 21 | 2432 | 4490 | 5 | 21.8 | 11.4 | 66.8 | 7.0 | 48.2 | 44.8 |
| F6 | 28.7 | 9.1 | 21 | 2928 | 4400 | 5 | 22.4 | 10.6 | 67.1 | 6.3 | 48.9 | 44.8 |
a
Mass conversion based on % recovery of procyanidin by phloroglucinolysis based on the gravimetric mass. bMean degree of polymerization in epicatechin units. cMolecular mass as determined by phloroglucinolysis. dMolecular mass as determined by GPC at 50% procyanidin elution. ePercent composition of procyanidin fractions by gravimetric recovery. fPercent composition of subunits (in moles) with the following subunit abbreviations: (-P), phloroglucinol adduct of extension subunit; C, (+)-catechin; EC, (−)-epicatechin; ECG, (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate. gCrude grape seed extract of which 55% w/w eluted in F0 and 45% w/w was recovered as procyanidin for further fractionation.