Table 1. Initial characteristics of the study population (n = 1,272).
| Characteristics/Measures | M | SD |
| Age (yrs) | 39.4 | 12.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.15 | 5.27 |
| Body fat (%) | 37.31 | 6.62 |
| Waist (cm) | 102.2 | 14.6 |
| Hip (cm) | 113.9 | 10.0 |
| Dietary Intake | ||
| Total Energy (kcal/day) | 2075 | 715 |
| Extra calories in snacking (kcal/day) | 372 | 425 |
| Proteins (% total energy) | 17.0 | 4.7 |
| Proteins (g/day) | 86.0 | 33.0 |
| Carbohydrates (% total energy) | 41.6 | 10.5 |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | 214.2 | 87.8 |
| Fats (% total energy) | 42.5 | 9.4 |
| Fats (g/day) | 99.3 | 44.8 |
| Fiber (g/day) | 18.7 | 11.0 |
| MUFA (% total fat) | 55.5 | 8.0 |
| PUFA (% total fat) | 13.7 | 3.8 |
| SFA (% total fat) | 29.9 | 8.4 |
| Other Characteristics | n | % |
| BMI≥30 kg/m2, n (%) | 673 | 53.6 |
| Drinkers, n (%) | 713 | 56.1 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 295 | 23.2 |
| Sedentary, n (%) | 559 | 44 |
| CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP | n | % |
| CC, n (%) | 104 | 8.17 |
| CT, n (%) | 492 | 38.7 |
| TT, n (%) | 676 | 53.1 |
Note. Data are presented as mean (M) and standard deviation (SD);
BMI = Body Mass Index; MUFA = Monounsaturated Fatty Acids; PUFA = Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; SFA = Saturated Fatty Acids.