Table 2.
Details of comparative studies
| Study | Number of terrible triad injuries | Coronoid classification | Coronoid fixation | Radial head | LUCL | MCL Repair | External fixation | Average time between injury and surgery (days) | Approach | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pugh et al. [13] | 36 | Type I: 10, type II: 18, type III: 8 |
18: type II and III: ORIF with screws, 18: type I or comminuted II and III: anterior capsule repair with suture technique |
3: débrided small marginal fragments, 13: ORIF, 20: prosthetic replacement |
Repair in all 36 | 6 | 3 hinged | 4.5 | Posterior midline: 8, lateral only: 26, lateral + medial: 2 |
– |
| Forthman et al. [6] | 22 | Type I: 0, type II: 22, type III: 0 |
18: suture repair through capusle and bone tunnels, 3: suture + screws, 1: plate and screws |
1: ORIF, 21: prosthetic replacement |
Repair in all 22 | 0 | 0 | 7 | All posterior midline | Specifically excluded 4 patients with coronoid fragments too small to repair |
| Lindenhovius et al. [11] acute treatment | 18 | Type I: 0, type II: 18, type III: 0 |
16: suture repair through capusle and bone tunnels, 2: suture + screws |
1: ORIF, 2: prosthetic replacement |
Repair in all 18 | 0 | 0 | 6 | All posterior midline | This cohort includes patients also included in the Forthman et al. study; 4 patients had additional ipsilateral arm injuries |
| Garrigues et al. [7] | 40 | Type I: 2, type II: 36, type III: 2 |
28: suture lasso, 7: suture anchors, 5: lag screws |
9: ORIF, 30: prosthetic replacement, 1: not reported |
Repair in all 40 | 2 | 3 hinged | Not reported | Posterior midline or lateral in all; 3 with additional medial incision | Authors recommend coronoid lasso fixation regardless of fracture type |
| Current study | 14 | Type I: 2, type II: 12, type III: 0 |
None | 3: ORIF, 11: prosthetic replacement |
Repair in all 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 | All lateral only | – |
LUCL = lateral ulnar collateral ligament; MCL = medial collateral ligament; ORIF = open reduction and internal fixation.