Table 1.
Patient demographics and preoperative assessment data
| Patient | Sex | Age (years) | Side | Primary LCLC reconstruction (graft type and/or technique), if known | Other procedures, if any | Imaging | Underlying conditions and/or skeletal lesions*, if any | Time from primary reconstruction to revision surgery (years) | Pain | Extension to flexion (°) | Pivot shift test† | Drawer test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Male | 16 | Left | Palmaris longus autograft | Plain radiographs | Traumatic event | 1 | Moderate | 0–145 | Yes | Yes | |
| 2 | Female | 42 | Left | Gracilis allograft, docking technique | Joint debridement | Plain radiographs | Underlying collagen disorder with general hyperlaxity | 1 | None | 0–150 | Yes | NR |
| 3 | Male | 44 | Right§ | Allograft (unknown source and technique) | Capsulorrhaphy, ulnar nerve transposition | Plain radiographs, 3-D CT scan | 2 | Severe | 0–150 | Yes | Yes | |
| 4 | Female | 26 | Left§ | Palmaris longus autograft | Plain radiographs | Capitellum, trochlea | 9 | Mild | 0–150 | Yes | NR | |
| 5 | Male | 32 | Right | Plantaris allograft, docking technique | LCLC repair, joint debridement | Plain radiographs | Underlying collagen disorder with general hyperlaxity, capitellum‡ | 2 | None | 30–145 | Grossly unstable | Grossly unstable |
| 6 | Female | 54 | Right§ | Plantaris allograft, yoke configuration technique | Plain radiographs, 3-D CT scan | Radial head, capitellum, coronoid | 7 | Mild | 0–140 | No | No | |
| 7 | Male | 14 | Right | Palmaris longus autograft | Plain radiographs | Traumatic event, coronoid, capitellum | 3 | Moderate | 5–150 | Yes | Yes | |
| 8 | Female | 59 | Right§ | Allograft (unknown source and technique) | Radial head replacement | Plain radiographs, 3-D CT scan | Radial head (replaced), capitellum | 0.21 | Severe | 0–150 | Yes | NR |
| 9 | Male | 46 | Right | Plantaris allograft, interference screw | ORIF for radial head, joint debridement, radial head replacement, contracture release, LCLC repair | Plain radiographs | Radial head (replaced), capitellum, coronoid | 0.34 | None | 38–130 | Yes | Yes |
| 10 | Female | 20 | Left | Palmaris longus autograft | Plain radiographs, 3-D CT scan | Coronoid‡ | 4 | Mild | 0–155 | Yes | Yes | |
| 11 | Female | 38 | Left | Plantaris allograft, interference screw | Release and debridement for lateral epicondylitis, LCLC repair | Plain radiographs | Underlying lateral epicondylitis, capitellum | 1 | Moderate | 0–135 | Yes | NR |
* Skeletal lesions included any degree of bone loss and/or varus angulation of the elbow, if present; §dominant arm is involved; †clinical posterolateral rotatory pivot shift test with apprehension and/or showing subluxation and relocation; ‡elbows with irreducible subluxation or dislocation on radiographs at presentation; LCLC = lateral collateral ligament complex; ORIF = open reduction and internal fixation; 3-D = three-dimensional; NR = not recorded.