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. 2014 May 13;15(1):363. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-363

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© Xu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Biosynthetic pathways of different types of nitrogenous phospholipids in actinomycetes. (A) The cell membrane of Amycolatopsis belongs to the type PII because PE is the dominant phospholipid detected. Two essential proteins (AORI_7345 and AORI_7346, labeled in red color) involved in the biosynthesis of PE were encoded by the A. orientalis genome, whereas the genes encoding enzymes involved in other types of nitrogenous phospholipids were not found (NF). Actinomycetes of type PI contain no nitrogenous phospholipids in their cell membrane, while type PII, type PIII, type PIV, and type PV actinomycetes contain the following characteristic phospholipids: PE, PC, GluNU, and PG, respectively. Panel (B) illustrates the analysis of isoprenyl diphosphate synthases from type strains of actinomycetes. The names and amino-acid sequences of the strains with different colors represent actinomycetes harboring different-length MKs: red, MK7 (C35); olive-green, MK8 (C40); blue, MK9 (C45). The amino-acid sequences of the chain-length determination (CLD) region are emphasized in green on the right of the panel. The protein sequences were obtained from NCBI at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/.