Fig. 5.

Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR) were attenuated by BTS. a Fasting plasma glucose, insulin levels and QUICKI: increased level of fasted plasma insulin and glucose were decreased, and QUICKI increased by treatment with 5 %BTS, and ITT confirmed severe IR double asterisk p < 0.01, triple asterisk p < 0.001 vs GTG + HF, double plus symbol p < 0.01 vs 2 %BTS, n = 6. b Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT): GTT revealed severe glucose intolerance was attenuated, and ITT confirmed IR was attenuated by 5 %BTS. Asterisk p < 0.05 vs GTG + HF, n = 6. c Involvement of Akt in BTS reduction of IR: phosphorylation of Akt was involved in the reduction of IR by BTS treatment as reflected by increased phosphorylation of Akt in the livers of BTS treated mice upon insulin administration. Asterisk p < 0.05, double asterisk p < 0.01 vs GTG + HF, n = 4