TABLE 1.
Summary of results for differences in relative gene expression following cocaine self-administration
Normalized expression values for designated transcript classes were analyzed using two way ANOVA (Group × Transcript) with repeated measures (Transcript). Post hoc analyses were conducted as needed using Tukey’s test, and the null hypothesis was rejected when P < 0.05. P values are indicated for the main effect, interaction, and post hoc analyses.
| Transcript | Main Effect | Interaction | Post Hoc Analysis
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control vs. 1 Day | Control vs. 20 Days | 1 Day vs. 20 Days | |||
| Dopamine-related | 0.990 | 0.738 | |||
| Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) | |||||
| Dopamine receptor 1 (D1) | |||||
| Dopamine receptor 2 (D2) | |||||
| Dopamine receptor 3 (D3) | |||||
| Dopamine receptor 4 (D4) | |||||
| Dopamine receptor 5 (D5) | |||||
| Dopamine transporter (DAT) | |||||
| Transcription factors | 0.266 | 0.763 | |||
| Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA-1) | |||||
| Fos-related antigen 2 (FRA-2) | |||||
| Transcription factor stat 5b (TFstat5b) | |||||
| Rat lung zinc finger protein Y1 (RLZF-Y) | |||||
| cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) | |||||
| GABA-related | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65) | 0.014 | ||||
| Glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD 67) | |||||
| GABA receptor type A, γ1 subunit (GABA-A γ1) | |||||
| GABA receptor type A, γ2 subunit (GABA-A γ2) | 0.017 | ||||
| GABA receptor type A, γ3 subunit (GABA-A γ3) | |||||
| GABA receptor type A, α1 subunit (GABA-A α1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| GABA receptor type A, α3 subunit (GABA-A α3) | |||||
| GABA receptor type A, α4 subunit (GABA-A α4) | 0.033 | 0.030 | |||
| GABA receptor type A, α6 subunit (GABA-A α6) | 0.025 | 0.017 | |||
| GABA receptor type A, β1 subunit (GABA-A β1) | |||||
| GABA receptor type A, β2 subunit (GABA-A β2) | 0.030 | 0.023 | |||
| GABA receptor type A, β3 subunit (GABA-A β3) | |||||
| GABA receptor type A, δ subunit (GABA-A δ) | 0.042 | 0.020 | |||
| GABA receptor type A, ε subunit (GABA-A ε) | |||||
| Glutamate-related | 0.844 | 0.245 | |||
| AMPA receptor binding protein (AMPAbp) | |||||
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a (mGluR1a) | |||||
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) | |||||
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) | |||||
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor δ1 (GluRδ1) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor δ2 (GluRδ2) | |||||
| NMDA receptor 1 (NR1) | |||||
| NMDA receptor 2A (NR2A) | |||||
| NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) | |||||
| NMDA receptor 2C (NR2C) | |||||
| NMDA receptor 2D (NR2D) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor 3 (GluR3) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor 4 (GluR4) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor 5 (GluR5) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor 6 (GluR6) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor 7 (GluR7) | |||||
| Kainate receptor 1 (KA1) | |||||
| Kainate receptor 2 (KA2) | |||||
| G proteins | 0.136 | <0.001 | |||
| GTP-binding protein, α inhibiting polypeptide 1 (Gαi1) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, α inhibiting polypeptide 2 (Gαi2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| GTP-binding protein, α inhibiting polypeptide 3 (Gαi3) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, α stimulating polypeptide 1 (Gαs1) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, αo polypeptide (Gαo) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, αz polypeptide (Gαz) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, α15 plypeptide (Gα15) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, β1 polypeptide (Gβ1) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, β2 polypeptide (Gβ2) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, β3 polypeptide (Gβ3) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, q polypeptide (Gαq) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein, γ polypeptide (Gγ5) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein ral A (GralA) | |||||
| GTP-binding protein ral B (GralB) | |||||
| Kinases | 0.043 | <0.001 | |||
| Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.042 | ||
| Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIβ3 (CaMKIIβ3) | |||||
| Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) | |||||
| Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIγ (CaMKIIγ) | |||||
| Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) | |||||
| CaMKII kinase α (CaMKKα) | |||||
| Protein kinase A, regulatory subunit 1A (PRKAR1A) | |||||
| Protein kinase A, regulatory subunit 1B (PRKAR1B) | |||||
| Protein kinase A, regulatory subunit 2B (PRKAR2B) | |||||
| G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) | |||||
| G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) | |||||
| Phosphatases | 0.026 | 0.001 | |||
| Protein phosphatase 1A, catalytic subunit (PP1CA) | |||||
| Protein phosphatase 1B, catalytic subunit (PPP1CB) | |||||
| Protein phosphatase 2A, catalytic subunit (PP2α) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Protein phosphatase 1, γ subunit (PP1γ) | |||||
| Protein phosphatase 2A, β subunit (PP2Aβ) | |||||
| Structural/signaling | 0.003 | <0.001 | |||
| Spectrin α subunit (spectrin) | |||||
| nNOS | 0.001 | 0.019 | 0.001 | ||
| Rho-interacting, serine/threonine kinase 21 (citron) | |||||
| Cysteine-rich interactor of PDZ3 (CRIPT) | |||||
| Homer, neural immediate early, gene 1C (homer1c) | |||||
| Post-synaptic density protein 95 kDa (PSD-95) | |||||
| PSD-95/SAP90-associated protein-1 (SAPAP) | |||||
| Glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) | |||||
| Phospholipase D (PLD) | |||||
| A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) | |||||
| Synaptojanin II (SYNJN II) | |||||
| Syntaxin 5 (SYNTX 5) | |||||
| Synaptobrevin 2 (SYNBREV 2) | |||||
| Peptide-related | 0.413 | 0.208 | |||
| Precursor to cholecystokinin (pCCK) | |||||
| Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | |||||
| Cocaine/amphetamine-related transcript (CART) | |||||
| Prodynorphin (PDYN) | |||||
| Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) | |||||