Immune response induced following vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. B16gp33-bearing mice (n = 9) were infected locally at the tumor site with 5.0 × 108 PFU of WT or mutant VSV on day 7, 9, and 11. On day 8 following the first VSV dose, tumor and spleen were harvested and the activation profile of CD8+ T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. (a) Naive (CD62L+CD44−), effector/effector memory (CD62L–) and central memory T cells (CD62L+CD44+) as well as (b) PD-1 expression on T cells in tumor and spleen after VSV treatments are shown. Data are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. (c) B16gp33-bearing mice (n = 9) were infected as above. On day 8 following the first VSV dose, splenocytes were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with VSV-N (RGYVYQGL) or gp33 (KAVYNFATM) peptides to analyze cytokine secretion and (d) VSV-N (RGYVYQGL), gp33 (KAVYNFATM), TRP-2 (VYDFFVWL), or gp100 (EGSRNQDWL) peptides for degranulation assay. Data are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.