Figure 5. Immunohistochemistry of the human mitral degenerative valves and calcified tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves for endochondral signaling markers low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/Wnt and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Control valve, degenerative mitral valve (arrow points to hypertrophic chondrocytes), calcified aortic valves (arrow points to positive stain) and bicuspid aortic valve (arrow points to positive stain; magnification 25×). (A) Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 stain. (B) Wnt 3 stain. (C) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen stain [10].
Lrp5: Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen.