Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of 18,972 NSDUH 2005-2010 adult participants with past-year major depressive episodes with and without comorbid alcohol dependence disorder, drug dependence disorder or both alcohol and drug dependence disorders.
| Socio-demographic characteristics | Major depressive episodes without substance dependence comorbidity (N=15,089) | Major depressive episodes with alcohol dependence comorbidity (N=1,932) | Major depressive episodes with non-alcohol drug dependence comorbidity (N=1,266) | Major depressive episodes with both alcohol and non-alcohol drug dependence comorbidity (N= 685) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | OR | 95% CI | N | % | OR | 95% CI | N | % | OR | 95% CI | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 4,376 | 32.2 | 827 | 50.4 | 1.00 | Ref. | 463 | 41.9 | 1.00 | Ref. | 318 | 57.5 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Female | 10,713 | 67.9 | 1105 | 49.7 | .47 | .41-.53‡ | 803 | 58.1 | .66 | .55-.78‡ | 367 | 42.6 | .35 | .27-.45‡ |
| Age | ||||||||||||||
| 18-25 | 7477 | 16.3 | 1161 | 25.8 | 1.00 | Ref. | 866 | 33.5 | 1.00 | Ref. | 506 | 42.4 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| 26-34 | 2406 | 17.6 | 307 | 22.8 | .82 | .69-.98* | 169 | 21.4 | .59 | .45-.78‡ | 85 | 22.7 | .50 | .36-.68‡ |
| 34-50 | 3513 | 33.0 | 365 | 32.9 | .63 | .53-.74‡ | 194 | 31.2 | .46 | .38-.57‡ | 80 | 25.7 | .30 | .22-.42‡ |
| 50 or more | 1693 | 33.1 | 99 | 18.5 | .35 | .26-.48‡ | 37 | 13.9 | .20 | .13-.32‡ | 14 | 9.3 | .11 | .06-.20‡ |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
| White | 10,467 | 74.6 | 1301 | 71.9 | 1.00 | Ref. | 880 | 74.2 | 1.00 | Ref. | 461 | 68.6 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Black | 1,545 | 9.4 | 178 | 11.3 | 1.24 | .92-1.66 | 154 | 13.5 | 1.44 | 1.04-2.00* | 84 | 17.2 | 1.98 | 1.35-2.91† |
| Hispanic | 1,864 | 11.0 | 288 | 12.4 | 1.17 | .88-1.57 | 129 | 9.2 | .84 | .55-1.29 | 90 | 11.4 | 1.13 | .76-1.68 |
| Others | 1,213 | 5.0 | 165 | 4.4 | .90 | .63-1.29 | 103 | 3.1 | .62 | .41-.92* | 50 | 2.8 | .60 | .33-1.08 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||
| Married | 4,648 | 43.4 | 308 | 25.6 | 1.00 | Ref. | 180 | 20.9 | 1.00 | Ref. | 58 | 13.8 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 2,596 | 27.1 | 325 | 28.5 | 1.78 | 1.39-2.27‡ | 161 | 2.6 | 1.97 | 1.39-2.79‡ | 89 | 23.2 | 2.69 | 1.59-4.56‡ |
| Never married | 7,845 | 29.5 | 1299 | 45.9 | 2.64 | 2.14-3.25‡ | 925 | 53.4 | 3.76 | 2.85-4.96‡ | 538 | 63.1 | 6.74 | 4.59-9.90‡ |
| Educational status | ||||||||||||||
| < high school | 2513 | 15.1 | 323 | 16.4 | 1.00 | Ref. | 286 | 20.2 | 1.00 | Ref. | 186 | 24.8 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| High school | 4773 | 30.1 | 629 | 31.9 | .98 | .75-1.28 | 446 | 36.1 | .90 | .68-1.17 | 259 | 39.6 | 0.80 | .58-1.10 |
| ≥ College | 7803 | 54.8 | 980 | 51.8 | .87 | .69-1.10 | 534 | 43.7 | .60 | .45-.79‡ | 240 | 35.6 | 0.39 | .29-.54‡ |
| Household income | ||||||||||||||
| ≤$19,999 | 4632 | 24.6 | 695 | 32.2 | 1.00 | Ref. | 508 | 37.1 | 1.00 | Ref. | 253 | 37.3 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| $20,000-$34,999 | 5429 | 35.3 | 651 | 31.5 | 0.68 | .54-.85† | 425 | 36.9 | .69 | .55-.87† | 239 | 35.9 | .67 | .50-.90* |
| $35,000-$69,999 | 2274 | 17.4 | 240 | 13.7 | 0.60 | .45-.79† | 161 | 12.4 | .47 | .34-.65‡ | 78 | 10.2 | .39 | .25-.59‡ |
| ≥$70,000 | 2754 | 22.7 | 346 | 22.6 | 0.76 | .59-.97* | 172 | 13.7 | .40 | .28-.57‡ | 115 | 16.7 | .48 | .34-.68‡ |
| Insurance status | ||||||||||||||
| No insurance | 3332 | 17.8 | 538 | 25.5 | 1.00 | Ref. | 368 | 29.3 | 1.00 | Ref. | 255 | 37.2 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Private Health | 7620 | 51.4 | 929 | 47.2 | .64 | .53-.77‡ | 491 | 34.3 | .41 | .31-.53‡ | 254 | 33.1 | .31 | .23-.41‡ |
| Medicare | 602 | 9.5 | 28 | 3.4 | .25 | .15-.42‡ | 20 | 3.2 | .20 | .12-.34‡ | 8 | 2.0 | .10 | .04-.26‡ |
| Medicaid /State | 2540 | 14.4 | 274 | 14.0 | .68 | .53-.87† | 303 | 24.6 | 1.04 | .76-1.42 | 117 | 18.8 | .63 | .44-.89† |
| Champus/Military | 576 | 5.1 | 83 | 6.8 | .93 | .60-1.40 | 32 | 4.8 | .57 | .29-1.12* | 24 | 6.6 | .62 | .32-1.22 |
| Others | 391 | 1.9 | 74 | 3.1 | 1.17 | .78-1.75 | 47 | 3.9 | 1.27 | .76-2.13 | 25 | 2.2 | .57 | .28-1.16 |
| Employment | ||||||||||||||
| Partial/Full | 9579 | 60.3 | 1316 | 66.2 | 1.00 | Ref. | 729 | 50.8 | 1.00 | Ref. | 411 | 56.4 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Unemployed | 1318 | 6.7 | 211 | 9.9 | 1.36 | 1.02-1.81* | 173 | 12.8 | 2.27 | 1.65-.14‡ | 118 | 15.2 | 2.43 | 1.78-3.32‡ |
| Not labor force | 4192 | 33.0 | 405 | 23.9 | .66 | .54-.81‡ | 364 | 36.4 | 1.31 | 1.07-.60* | 156 | 28.5 | 0.92 | .70-1.22 |
| Sheehan's disability scale rating | ||||||||||||||
| None | 92 | .7 | 6 | .4 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2 | .1 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1 | .1 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Mild | 1048 | 7.5 | 88 | 4.5 | .99 | .24-4.13 | 49 | 4.2 | 5.41 | 1.08-6.97 | 15 | 2.2 | 1.73 | .20-15.27 |
| Moderate | 4492 | 30.5 | 533 | 28.4 | 1.52 | .39-5.96 | 258 | 16.2 | 5.16 | 1.11-23.89 | 137 | 20.6 | 4.05 | .52-31.54 |
| Severe | 6682 | 42.3 | 950 | 48.2 | 1.87 | .47-7.41‡ | 625 | 50.6 | 11.60 | 2.45-54.82 | 365 | 58.4 | 8.29 | 1.09-62.84* |
| Very severe | 2701 | 19.1 | 336 | 18.5 | 1.59 | .39-6.53‡ | 325 | 29.0 | 14.77 | 3.09-70.59 | 163 | 18.8 | 5.93 | .76-46.49 |
| Population density | ||||||||||||||
| Metropolitan | 5964 | 49.1 | 774 | 53.4 | 1.00 | Ref. | 552 | 49.7 | 1.00 | Ref. | 300 | 53.9 | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Suburban | 7798 | 43.9 | 1001 | 40.1 | .84 | .70-1.00 | 623 | 44.2 | .99 | .81-1.22 | 340 | 42.4 | .88 | .65-1.19 |
| Rural | 1327 | 7.0 | 157 | 6.5 | .85 | .60-1.21 | 91 | 6.2 | .87 | .56-1.35 | 45 | 3.8 | .49 | .27-.89* |
Note: OR stands for risk ratio, CI for confidence interval.
*
P<.05
†
P<.01
‡
P<.001.