Identical levels of LPS-specific antibodies in wild-type (WT), TLR4−/− and MyD88−/− mice. Groups of mice were orally given RASV strain twice at 2-week intervals. Levels of LPS-specific antibodies were measured in sera and fecal extracts (a) and serum isotypes (c and d) were measured by ELISA on day 28. b; IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) were measured in the spleen and lamina propria of the small intestine (SI-LP) of TLR4−/− and Myd88−/− mice by ELISPOT assay. d, The ratios of LPS-specific IgG1 versus IgG2a at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after RASV vaccination in wild-type and MyD88−/− were shown. e, IL-4 and IFN-γ secretion after 24 hrs in vitro culture of total splenocytes obtained 28 days following two immunization of wild-type or MyD88−/− mice with RASV. * ; p<0.05, ** ; p<0.01 and *** ; p<0.005. Values given represent mean ± SD. Data are representative of ≥3 independent experiments.