Figure 5.

Poly(Fuc)₁₀₀, poly(Man)₁₀₀, and poly(GlcNAc)₁₀₀ have different AR activation rates. The concentration shown in the chart is polymer concentration. The average AR% of glycopolymer-treated sperm were normalized using [AR%(glycopolymers) – AR%(negative control)]/[AR%(positive control) – AR%(negative control)]. The average AR% for the positive control, A23187-treated (5 μM) sperm at 45 min, was 33% and for the negative control, poly(Glc)₁₀₀-treated (10 μM) sperm at 15 min, was 9%. Data represent mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 when compared to the AR% of poly(Glc)₁₀₀ at each time point.