Table 2.
Functioning and comorbid conditions: by depression status
| Percentage or mean (SD) |
Bivariate tests |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Depressed (N=299) | Not depressed (N=315) | t or χ2 | p |
| Functioning | ||||
| Total number of functional impairments (range 0–16)a | 5.94 (2.96) Range 0–15 | 4.65 (3.10) Range 0–13 | 5.19 | <.0001 |
| Perceived severity of impairments (higher, more severe, 1–48) | 31.53 (6.09) Range 16–48 | 28.14 (6.70) Range 14–44 | 6.52 | <.0001 |
| Number of ADL impairments (0–7) | 0.83 (1.15) Range 0–6 | 0.61 (0.99) Range 0–5 | 2.48 | 0.0136 |
| Number of IADL impairments (0–9) | 5.11 (2.22) Range 0–9 | 4.04 (2.48) Range 0–9 | 5.54 | <.0001 |
| Medical | ||||
| Self-reported overall health (higher, poorer, range 0–5) | 3.63 (1.12) Range 0–5 | 2.64 (1.18) Range 0–5 | 10.55 | <.0001 |
| Total number of chronic medical conditions (0–14) | 5.04 (1.99) Range 1–13 | 3.96 (1.75) Range 0–11 | 7.02 | <.0001 |
| Perceived severity of chronic medical conditions (higher, more severe; 0–42) |
11.40 (5.35) Range 2–31 | 7.61 (4.29) Range 0–23 | 9.69 | <.0001 |
| Asthma | 20.40 | 10.29 | 10.89 | 0.0010 |
| Diabetes | 35.38 | 35.68 | 0.0064 | 0.9398 |
| Heart trouble | 59.80 | 40.57 | 22.2784 | <.0001 |
| Hypertension | 72.84 | 70.67 | 0.36 | 0.5518 |
| Arthritis or rheumatism | 84.21 | 75.30 | 7.3984 | 0.0066 |
| Stroke | 33.11 | 23.75 | 6.3001 | 0.0120 |
| Cancer | 12.64 | 9.65 | 1.1881 | 0.2766 |
| Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or brown lung | 34.05 | 19.43 | 16.1604 | <.0001 |
| Ulcers | 20.07 | 7.17 | 18.49 | <.0001 |
| Hardening of arteries | 23.14 | 13.52 | 8.5264 | 0.0037 |
| General neurological problem or Parkinson’s disease | 9.63 | 5.65 | 3.24 | 0.0723 |
| Anemia | 15.92 | 8.70 | 7.0756 | 0.0077 |
| Glaucoma, cataracts, or other eye problems | 51.71 | 49.46 | 0.3025 | 0.5841 |
a
Those who answered that they could not perform the listed tasks (excluding those who reported that they could perform with difficulties).