Table 2.
Period-specific means (± SE) of MDA in EBC and urine samples and between-period differences.
| Period-specific means | Between-period differences | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Olympics | During-Olympics | Post-Olympics | During–Pre | Post–During | Post–Pre | ||||||||||
| N | Mean ± SD | N | Mean ± SD | N | Mean ± SD | Diff | P-value | 95% CI | Diff | P-value | 95% CI | Diff | P-value | 95% CI | |
| EBC MDA (nM) | 212 | 21.0 ± 1.5 | 205 | 16.0 ± 1.9 | 198 | 22.3 ± 2.4 | −5.0 | <0.0001 | −7.3, −2.7 | 6.3 | 0.094 | −1.1,13.6 | 1.3 | 0.70 | −5.3, 7.9 |
| Urinary MDA (nM)a | 246 | 435.3 ± 1.1 | 248 | 311.1 ± 1.1 | 236 | 483.0 ± 12.8 | 0.72 | 0.0002 | 0.60, 0.85 | 1.55 | 0.046 | 1.01,2.39 | 1.11 | 0.54 | 0.79, 1.57 |
The statistics were estimated by mixed-effects models, adjusted for temperature, relative humidity, gender, and day of week.
a
Period-specific mean values of urinary MDA indicate its geometric mean, and between-period difference values indicate the ratio of the geometric means of two periods.