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. 2014 Jun 2;7:331. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-331

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Copyright © 2014 Hostetter et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Histological confirmation of vascular injury secondary to Shiga toxemia in ilea (submucosa). Arterioles in control pigs inoculated with non-pathogenic Escherichia coli lacked lesions (A). Arteriole from pig inoculated with Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) strain S1191 and treated with the sham probiotic strain, which lacked the receptor Shiga toxin mimic (B). Segmental changes within the tunica media characterized by the presence of karyorrhectic nuclear debris (arrow) from a myocyte. Arteriole from pig inoculated with STEC strain S1191 and treated with the receptor mimic probiotic (C). Note nuclear remnants (arrows) of myocytes within the tunica media, as well as vacuolization (arrowhead) of the sarcoplasm. Hematoxylin and eosin, ×1000 magnification.