Table 2.
Neonatal mortality rates (NMR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)
| Covariates | Total live births | Neonatal deaths | NMR [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Community level factors
|
|
|
|
|
Residence type |
|
|
|
| Urban |
8070 |
253 |
31.3 (29.2- 33.4) |
| Rural |
19077 |
743 |
38.9 (36.6- 41.3) |
|
Geopolitical zone |
|
|
|
| North Central |
3693 |
122 |
32.6 (30.6- 34.9) |
| North East |
4452 |
176 |
39.6 (37.2- 42.0) |
| North West |
8529 |
310 |
35.7 (33.5- 37.9) |
| South East |
2611 |
107 |
41.5 (39.1- 43.9) |
| South West |
3516 |
150 |
43.4 (40.9- 45.9) |
| South South |
4345 |
132 |
30.4 (28.3- 32.5) |
|
Household wealth index |
|
|
|
| Poor |
12542 |
499 |
39.3 (36.9- 41.7) |
| Middle |
10013 |
355 |
35.6 (33.4- 37.8) |
| Rich |
4592 |
142 |
31.6 (29.5- 33.5) |
|
Individual related factors
|
|
|
|
|
Mother’s religion |
|
|
|
| Traditionalist and other |
464 |
19 |
42.2 (39.8- 44.6) |
| Islam |
15018 |
520 |
34.2 (32.0- 36.4) |
| Catholic and other Christian |
11517 |
451 |
39.7 (37.3- 42.1) |
| Missing |
148 |
5 |
|
|
Mother’s age at first birth |
|
|
|
| Less than 20 years |
15755 |
598 |
37.6 (35.3- 39.9) |
| 20 - 29 years |
10702 |
363 |
34.2 (32.0- 36.4) |
| 30 - 49 years* |
690 |
35 |
52.8 (50.1- 55.3) |
|
Mother’s age |
|
|
|
| < 20 |
1471 |
92 |
65.0 (62.0- 68.0) |
| 20-29 |
13096 |
451 |
34.5 (32.3- 36.7) |
| 30-39 |
9797 |
327 |
33.1 (30.9- 35.3) |
| 40-49 |
2783 |
126 |
44.7 (42.2- 47.2) |
|
Mother’s literacy level |
|
|
|
| Cannot read at all |
15391 |
616 |
38.1 (35.8- 40.4) |
| Able to read |
10634 |
370 |
34.1 (31.8- 36.2) |
|
Mother’s education |
|
|
|
| No education |
12685 |
470 |
36.6 (34.3- 38.9) |
| Primary |
6255 |
246 |
39.5 (37.1- 41.9) |
| Secondary or higher |
8207 |
280 |
34.6 (32.4- 36.8) |
|
Mother’s desire for pregnancy |
|
|
|
| Wanted then |
23880 |
824 |
34.7 (32.5-36.9) |
| Wanted later |
1669 |
59 |
31.2 (31.0- 35.4) |
| Wanted no more |
1150 |
43 |
38.3 (36.0- 40.6) |
| missing |
448 |
71 |
|
|
Mother’s body mass index (BMI) |
|
|
|
| BMI > 18.5 |
23508 |
868 |
37.0 (34.7- 39.3) |
| BMI ≤ 18.5 |
3062 |
110 |
35.0 (32.8- 37.2) |
| Missing |
577 |
18 |
|
|
Mother’s working status |
|
|
|
| Not working |
9389 |
332 |
35.8 (33.5- 38.0) |
| Working |
17121 |
638 |
37.1 (34.8- 39.4) |
| Missing |
64 |
2 |
|
|
Sex of child |
|
|
|
| Female |
13342 |
424 |
31.7 (29.6- 33.8) |
| Male |
13806 |
572 |
41.4 (39.0- 43.8) |
|
Mother’s perceived baby size |
|
|
|
| Small or very small |
3743 |
210 |
57.0 (54.2- 59.8) |
| Average or larger |
22778 |
685 |
30.0 (27.9- 32.1) |
| Missing |
626 |
102 |
|
|
Birth order and birth interval |
|
|
|
| First child |
5331 |
249 |
47.6 (45.0- 50.2) |
| 2 or 3 child, interval > 2 |
6444 |
160 |
24.3 (22.5- 26.2) |
| 2 or 3 child, interval ≤ 2 |
2652 |
135 |
50.2 (47.5- 52.9) |
| 4 or more child, interval > 2 |
9369 |
258 |
27.3 (25.3- 29.3) |
| 4 or more child, interval ≤ 2 |
3352 |
194 |
57.6 (54.7- 60.5) |
|
Mode of delivery |
|
|
|
| Non-caesarean |
26660 |
951 |
35.8 (33.5- 38.1) |
| Caesarean section |
452 |
40 |
89.9 (86.3- 93.5) |
| Missing |
35 |
5 |
|
|
Baby weight at birth |
|
|
|
| Less than 2500 grammes |
349 |
16 |
46.6 (44.0- 49.2) |
| 2500 - 3500 grammes |
3110 |
45 |
14.7 (13.3- 16.1) |
| Greater than 3500 grammes |
1458 |
15 |
9.2 (8.1- 10.3) |
| Not weighed |
18923 |
767 |
40.7 (38.3- 43.1) |
| Missing |
3307 |
153 |
|
|
Delivery assistance |
|
|
|
| Health professional |
10331 |
381 |
37.0 (34.7- 39.3) |
| non-Health professional |
16440 |
555 |
33.8 (31.6- 36.0) |
| Missing |
377 |
61 |
|
|
Postnatal check-up |
|
|
|
| 0 - 2 days |
4372 |
112 |
26.1 (24.2- 28.0) |
| 3 - 41 days |
3001 |
78 |
26.0 (24.1- 27.9) |
| Don’t know/missing |
19774 |
806 |
|
|
Birth place of child |
|
|
|
| Health facility |
9917 |
361 |
36.8 (34.5- 39.1) |
| Home |
16962 |
579 |
34.1 (31.9- 36.3) |
| Missing |
268 |
56 |
|
|
Antenatal care |
|
|
|
| Yes |
9421 |
232 |
24.6 (22.7- 26.5) |
| No |
6316 |
169 |
26.5 (24.6- 28.4) |
| Missing | 11411 | 595 | |
*Interval for 30–39 years and 40–49 years were merged.
NMR not calculated for missing values.