Table 5.
Associations Between Religiosity, Risk Correlates, and Violent Aggression Among Respondents 12 to 17 Years of Age by Family Income.
| Family Income < US$20,000 (n = 15,294) |
Family Income US$20,000- US$49,000 (n = 29,394) |
Family Income US$50,000- US$74,000 (n = 17,231) |
Family Income > US$75,000 (n = 28,283) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | |
| Attendance at religious services | ||||
| Fight | 0.64 [0.56, 0.74] | 0.74 [0.67, 0.81] | 0.68 [0.60, 0.77] | 0.74 [0.67, 0.81] |
| Group fight | 0.75 [0.64, 0.88] | 0.78 [0.70, 0.87] | 0.75 [0.65, 0.86] | 0.80 [0.72, 0.90] |
| Attack | 0.89 [0.72, 1.11] | 0.81 [0.70, 0.93] | 0.75 [0.61, 0.93] | 0.73 [0.62, 0.86] |
| Importance of religious beliefs | ||||
| Fight | 0.84 [0.75, 0.94] | 0.80 [0.73, 0.87] | 0.79 [0.69, 0.89] | 0.86 [0.77, 0.95] |
| Group fight | 0.84 [0.73, 0.96] | 0.88 [0.80, 0.98] | 0.85 [0.73, 0.98] | 0.81 [0.72, 0.91] |
| Attack | 0.96 [0.80, 1.15] | 0.99 [0.87, 1.14] | 0.87 [0.71, 1.07] | 0.77 [0.64, 0.92] |
| Religious beliefs influence decisions | ||||
| Fight | 0.89 [0.78, 1.01] | 0.79 [0.72, 0.87] | 0.71 [0.62, 0.82] | 0.84 [0.75, 0.94] |
| Group fight | 0.82 [0.70, 0.95] | 0.88 [0.79, 0.99] | 0.74 [0.63, 0.88] | 0.82 [0.72, 0.93] |
| Attack | 0.89 [0.72, 1.10] | 0.94 [0.81, 1.10] | 0.83 [0.66, 1.05] | 0.72 [0.59, 0.89] |
| Participation in religious groups | ||||
| Fight | 0.94 [0.83, 1.07] | 0.90 [0.82, 0.98] | 0.93 [0.82, 1.05] | 0.89 [0.81, 0.99] |
| Group fight | 0.99 [0.85, 1.14] | 0.87 [0.77, 0.97] | 0.94 [0.81, 1.09] | 0.88 [0.78, 0.99] |
| Attack | 0.95 [0.78, 1.15] | 0.92 [0.80, 1.07] | 0.90 [0.73, 1.10] | 0.88 [0.74, 1.05] |
Note. Odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational enrollment, recent alcohol, recent marijuana, recent cocaine, recent depression, recent anxiety, and risk seeking. Odds ratios in bold are statistically significant. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.