Table 2. Risk Factors for HIV Seropositivity in TB patients aged 15–64 years, Alberta, 2003–2012.

Characteristic		HIV-negative	HIV-positive (%)	Univariate OR (95% CI; p-value)	Multivariate OR (95% CI; p-value)
		(N = 910)	(N = 72)
Age (years)
	15–34	422	21 (4.7)	1.00	1.00
	35–64	488	51 (9.5)	2.1 (1.24, 3.55; 0.006)	3.3 (1.83, 5.96; <0.001)
Sex*
	Female	453	29 (6.0)	1.00	1.00
	Male	457	43 (8.6)	1.47 (0.9, 2.4; 0.12)	1.59 (0.94, 2.71; 0.09)
Population Group†
	CBO	76	1 (1.3)	1.00	1.00
	FBO	535	13 (2.4)
	CBA	112	16 (12.5)	6.23 (2.96, 13.13; <0.001)	5.42 (2.49, 11.82; <0.001)
	FBSSA	187	42 (18.3)	9.8 (5.24, 18.34; <0.001)	13.9 (7.14, 27.0; <0.001)
Disease Type
	New Active	853	70 (7.6)	1.00	-
	Relapse/Retreatment	57	2 (3.4)	0.43 (0.1, 1.79; 0.19)	-
Drug Resistance‡
	No	647	53 (7.6)	1.00	-
	Yes	119	10 (7.8)	1.02 (0.51, 2.07; 0.94)	-
	Unknown	144	9 (5.9)	-	-
Disease Site
	Respiratory	545	41 (7.0)	1.00	1.00
	Non-respiratory	329	22 (6.3)	0.89 (0.52, 1.52; 0.6)	0.93 (0.52, 1.65; 0.8)
	Both	36	9 (20.0)	3.32 (1.5, 7.37; 0.003)	3.32 (1.29, 8.53; 0.013)
Mortality§
	No	892	65 (6.8)	1.00	1.00
	Yes	18	7 (30.4)	6.02 (2.39, 15.15; <0.001)	2.80 (0.96, 8.15;0.059)

Abbreviations: CBO  =  Canadian-born 'Other'; CBA  =  Canadian-born Aboriginal; FBO  =  Foreign-born 'Other';

FBSSA  =  Foreign-born sub-Saharan African.

*By convention, sex was retained in the multivariable model. Its exclusion in the multivariable model did not affect the significance of other variables

^†CBO and FBO were combined in the analysis as HIV prevalence rates were similarly low in both groups and the number of CBO cases was small

^‡Resistance to one or more first-line drug; cases whose drug resistance pattern was unknown were culture-negative.

^§Death before or during the period of active treatment of TB.