Table 1.

Ultrasound criteria of the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI).

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) criteria according to Zamboni [9].
1. Reflux constantly present in an outflow pathway (IJV and/or VV) with the head in any position.
2. Reflux propagated upward to the DCVs.
3. High resolution B-mode ultrasonography evidence of proximal IJV stenoses.
4. Flow not CD detectable in the IJVs and/or VVs despite numerous deep inspirations.
5. Negative ΔCSA in the IJV.

IJV(s) – internal jugular vein(s); VV(s) – vertebral vein(s); DCVs – deep cerebral veins; CD – color Doppler; ΔCSA – change in the cross-sectional area.