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. 2014 May 26;5(2):231–239. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i2.231

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Converging roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Different signals can selectively trigger signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation. Tyr-phosphorylated STAT3 translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression, thus playing an important role in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, self-renewal and pluripotency. On the other hand, Ser-phosphorylated STAT3 translocates into mitochondria, binds with the complexes in respiratory chain, and ultimately maintains the cellular respiration and mitochondrial protection. MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; JAK: Janus kinase.