Table 4.

ORs for Associations With Pre–Systemic Treatment Cognitive Impairment^* in Older Patients With Breast Cancer and Noncancer Controls

Variable	All Participants						Patient Cases (n = 159)†			Controls (n = 181)†
	Unadjusted (N = 346)			Adjusted (n = 343)‡§
	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P	Adjusted OR	95% CI	P	Adjusted OR	95% CI	P
Patient case (v control)	0.93	0.51 to 1.71	.83	0.74	0.37 to 1.47	.39	—			—
Age, per 1-year increase	1.12	1.07 to 1.17	< .001	1.10	1.05 to 1.15	< .001	1.09	1.02 to 1.18	.02	1.10	1.03 to 1.18	.003
Education, per 1-year increase	0.77	0.67 to 0.88	< .001	0.81	0.69 to 0.95	.008	0.83	0.64 to 1.08	.17	0.80	0.65 to 1.00	.050
Nonwhite race (v white, non-Hispanic)‖	2.90	1.51 to 5.60	.002	3.38	1.57 to 7.28	.002	5.45	1.57 to 18.9	.008	2.91	0.98 to 8.63	.054
≥ 2 comorbidities (v < 2)	2.81	1.50 to 5.27	.001	2.31	1.14 to 4.69	.020	8.77	2.06 to 37.4	.003	0.98	0.39 to 2.49	.97
Mastectomy (v lumpectomy)¶	—			—			0.59	0.16 to 2.25	.44	—

NOTE. ORs are from logistic regression models. Variables not considered in models because they were not significantly related to impairment: current physical (P = .22) or emotional function (P = .31), depression (P = .99), anxiety (P = .20), fatigue (P = .34), smoking (P = .93), physical activity (P = .33), and presence of APOE e4 allele (P = .21).

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.

^*Cognitive impairment defined as any one domain z score two SDs or two domain z scores 1.5 SDs below control mean.

^†Models stratified by patient case or control status included because of interaction between patient case or control status and comorbidity.

^‡All adjusted ORs adjusted for covariates shown plus recruitment site.

^§Three patient cases were missing surgery or refused surgery and are not included.

^‖Nonwhite race includes black, Hispanic, Asian American, and Pacific Islander.

^¶Results for unadjusted association between surgery and impairment in patient case group: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.41 to 2.60; P = .951.