Fig. 1.

Analysis of female body shape. Left to determine depth-to-width proportions, rear- and profile-view horizontal dimensions of 22 real women’s silhouettes were measured at 100 levels, including 20, 30, 10, and 40 levels in breast-waist, waist-buttocks, buttocks-crotch, and crotch-knees segments. Right shapes of horizontal body sections at chest, waist, buttocks, crotch, and knees were obtained from an analysis of Victoria, a three-dimensional model of a woman’s figure (body fronts are upwards). Right bottom estimation of hip circumference with two half-ellipses and two line segments. Two ellipses, with one axis equal to hip depth and the second equal to half of hip width, were enlarged by 4 %, rotated to fit the lateral body outline and cut at their topmost and bottommost points. The total length of line segments in front and back of the body was 90 % of the hip width. The Peano’s formula for ellipse perimeter was applied: π × [1.5 × (width/2 + depth/2) − √(width/2 × depth/2)]