Table 3.
HRs for cardiovascular mortality among men per 10‑μg/m3 increase in ambient PM2.5 stratified by estimated time spent outdoors and BMI at enrollment.
| Cardiovascular deatha | Minimally adjustedb | Moderately adjustedc | Fully adjustedd | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of deaths | HR (95% CI) | No. of deaths | HR (95% CI) | No. of deaths | HR (95% CI) | |
| Time outdoors | ||||||
| All men | ||||||
| ≥ 6 hr/day | 487 | 1.32 (0.68, 2.56) | 426 | 1.04 (0.52, 2.12) | 423 | 1.08 (0.52, 2.22) |
| < 6 hr/day | 289 | 1.19 (0.54, 2.66) | 254 | 1.05 (0.44, 2.52) | 244 | 1.05 (0.42, 2.61) |
| Nonmovers | ||||||
| ≥ 6 hr/day | 329 | 1.40 (0.63, 3.10) | 294 | 1.21 (0.52, 2.82) | 291 | 1.33 (0.56, 3.13) |
| < 6 hr/day | 193 | 1.31 (0.50, 3.44) | 172 | 1.08 (0.38, 3.07) | 166 | 1.11 (0.38, 3.27) |
| BMI | ||||||
| BMI (> 26.5 kg/m2) | ||||||
| All men | 617 | 2.01 (1.13, 3.60) | 563 | 1.70 (0.92, 3.14) | 554 | 1.76 (0.94, 3.28) |
| Most precise exposuree | 510 | 2.16 (1.14, 4.09) | 467 | 1.87 (0.95, 3.66) | 459 | 2.01 (1.01, 3.98) |
| Nonmovers | 425 | 2.38 (1.20, 4.73) | 388 | 2.02 (0.98, 4.18) | 383 | 2.03 (0.97, 4.24) |
| Nonmovers with most precise exposuree | 388 | 2.65 (1.29, 5.45) | 355 | 2.28 (1.06, 4.89) | 351 | 2.35 (1.08, 5.10) |
| BMI (12–26.5 kg/m2) | ||||||
| All men | 457 | 0.91 (0.48, 1.73) | 410 | 1.06 (0.54, 2.11) | 396 | 1.15 (0.57, 2.33) |
| Most precise exposuree | 370 | 0.98 (0.48, 2.00) | 338 | 1.15 (0.54, 2.44) | 327 | 1.35 (0.62, 2.92) |
| Nonmovers | 304 | 0.95 (0.43, 2.10) | 282 | 1.08 (0.47, 2.47) | 270 | 1.25 (0.54, 2.93) |
| Nonmovers with most precise exposuree | 269 | 1.01 (0.44, 2.36) | 251 | 1.16 (0.48, 2.78) | 241 | 1.41 (0.58, 3.49) |
| aICD-10 codes I10–I70. bAge as follow-up time and adjusted for sex, state of enrollment, and birth year; cMinimally adjusted plus covariates for pack-years of smoking and BMI; dModerately adjusted plus covariates for marital status, education level, alcoholic drinks per month, and vegetable intake. eExcluding participants with PM2.5 exposure assigned to a ZIP code centroid. | ||||||