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. 2014 Apr 28;111(22):8107–8112. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1324197111

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Mortality in 1918 and seroarcheological patterns. (A) Influenza and pneumonia mortality (solid line) in different age groups in the United States in 1918 (data from ref. 1), and N8 neuraminidase inhibition titers (legend at right) in sera from different age groups (data from ref. 11). Vertical bars indicate the pandemics of 1830–1833, 1847–1850, 1889–1893, and 1918–1920. (Ages/birth years are indicated below B). (B) Case-fatality ratios in 1918 (in black) (data from ref. 1) and percentages of deaths by age from pandemic-related causes in Ontario, Canada (in gray) (data from ref. 33). Also shown are percentages of sera from different age groups with HA inhibition antibody titers (SI Appendix).