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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mayo Clin Proc. 2014 Apr;89(4):429–433. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.02.009

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Current approaches to treating metastatic melanoma resemble “Sisyphus work” from Greek mythology. Similar to Sisyphus, it will be problematic to reach the pinnacle where targeted cure is achieved because clonal heterogeneity will overcome the drug effects in most patients with metastatic melanoma. BRAF = proto-oncogene B-Raf; MEK1/2 = mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 or 2; N-RAS = neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog; PDGFRB = beta-type platelet-derived growth factor; PI3K = phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog.