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. 2014 Jun 10;5:276. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00276

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Copyright © 2014 Looft, Allen, Casey, Alt and Stanton.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Taxonomic tree showing biomarkers that were significantly enriched with either antibiotic exposure or lack of exposure over time. The LEfSe-generated tree shows bacterial nodes (diameter is relative to abundance in community) with a taxonomic hierarchy. Samples were grouped together as either carbadox-treated (Carb) or non-medicated (Non-med) over the period of the study as pre-treatment, early exposure, late exposure, early withdrawal, late withdrawal. No biomarkers were identified for the late carbadox samples. The cutoff value of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) > 4.0.