Table 5.
Changes in cardio-metabolic outcomes from baseline to follow-up (5.5-years) in the physical activity groups
| |
Active |
Inactive |
p values |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
n
|
Baseline |
Follow-up |
n
|
Baseline |
Follow-up |
Age-adjusted |
Age- and weight-adjusted |
||||
| Resting blood pressure | Time | Group | Interaction | Time | Group | Interaction | ||||||
| SBP (mmHg) |
35 |
112 ± 14 |
110 ± 17 |
22 |
113 ± 13 |
115 ± 19 |
0.135 |
0.831 |
0.479 |
0.483 |
0.990 |
0.446 |
| DBP (mmHg) |
35 |
79 ± 8a |
73 ± 13a |
22 |
79 ± 7 |
81 ± 9 |
0.081 |
0.276 |
0.039
|
0398 |
0.288 |
0.035
|
|
Lipid profile
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TC (mmol/L) |
35 |
3.8 ± 0.9 |
4.1 ± 0.9 |
22 |
3.6 ± 0.6 |
3.9 ± 0.9 |
0.384 |
0.296 |
0.870 |
0.198 |
0.380 |
0.733 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) |
35 |
2.3 ± 0.8 |
2.5 ± 0.9 |
22 |
2.0 ± 0.5 |
2.4 ± 0.8 |
0.661 |
0.210 |
0.244 |
0.334 |
0.309 |
0.185 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) |
35 |
1.1 ± 0.3 |
1.2 ± 0.3 |
22 |
1.0 ± 0.4b |
1.2 ± 0.3b |
0.004
|
0.918 |
0.165 |
0.067 |
0.965 |
0.194 |
| TG (mmol/L) |
35 |
0.7 ± 0.3 |
0.9 ± 0.4 |
22 |
0.7 ± 0.3 |
0.9 ± 0.3 |
0.307 |
0.581 |
0.827 |
0.279 |
0.361 |
0.918 |
| TC/HDL-C |
35 |
3.6 ± 1.4 |
3.5 ± 1.0 |
22 |
3.3 ± 0.7 |
3.3 ± 0.9 |
0.441 |
0.910 |
0.110 |
0.919 |
0.670 |
0.152 |
|
Insulin sensitivity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) |
35 |
4.5 ± 0.4 |
5.2 ± 1.7 |
22 |
4.6 ± 0.7 |
5.1 ± 0.8 |
0.849 |
0.654 |
0.821 |
0.402 |
0.720 |
0.402 |
| Fasting serum insulin (mU/L) |
35 |
14.0 ± 7.8a |
12.4 ± 6.0b |
22 |
17.8 ± 11.0a |
16.4 ± 10.5b |
0.125 |
0.020
|
0.707 |
0.655 |
0.045
|
0.408 |
| HOMA-IR | 34 | 3.1 ± 1.7a | 2.8 ± 1.5b | 21 | 3.7 ± 2.7a | 3.7 ± 2.1b | 0.145 | 0.036 | 0.904 | 0.950 | 0.081 | 0.664 |
Values are unadjusted mean ± standard deviation. Matching superscript letters represent significant difference (p < 0.05) between age- and weight-adjusted values, based on Tukey post-hoc analyses. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TC/HDL-C, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; HOMA-IR, homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance; Matsuda index, measure of insulin sensitivity [35].