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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 10.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Immunol. 2013;33(4):361–378. doi: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2013007444

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

IL-21 production controls exhaustion of CD8 T cells during chronic infection. (A) In chronic viral models, IL-21 production by CD4 T cells prevents CD8 deletion, resists attrition of polyfunctionality, ultimately resulting in viral clearance. (B) However, in the absence of IL-21 production, CD8 T cells become severely exhausted and exhibit poor polyfunctional CD8 response, resulting in poor viral control and pathogen persistence.