Table 2.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds of Death in the Hospital

Participant Characteristic (N = 3,539)	Unadjusted	Adjusted
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Female	0.84 (0.74–0.97)*	0.94 (0.81–1.09)
Age (reference: <75)
75–84	1.25 (1.08–1.43)†	0.96 (0.76–1.20)
>85	0.64 (0.56–0.74)†	0.79 (0.61–1.02)
Education (reference: <high school)
Some college	0.89 (0.77–1.03)	1.00 (0.84–1.18)
≥College	1.10 (0.89–1.37)	1.22 (0.93–1.61)
Married	1.16 (1.01–1.34)*	0.94 (0.79–1.12)
Quartile of net worth (reference: Quartile 1)
2	1.02 (0.86–1.21)	0.90 (0.73–1.12)
3	0.95 (0.80–1.13)	0.93 (0.73–1.20)
4	0.96 (0.81–1.14)	0.93 (0.73–1.19)
Residential status (reference: living with others in community)
Nursing home resident	0.34 (0.29–0.39)†	0.53 (0.42–0.66)†
Lives alone in community	2.11 (1.84–2.42)†	1.26 (1.03–1.54)*
Activities of daily living (reference: independent)
Partially dependent	1.56 (1.29–1.88)†	1.09 (0.87–1.37)
Severely dependent	0.86 (0.71–1.06)	0.75 (0.59–0.96)*
Restricted to bed	0.44 (0.38–0.50)†	0.60 (0.48–0.75)†
Medical characteristics
Cancer	0.78 (0.67–0.90)†	0.69 (0.58–0.82)†
Congestive heart failure	1.00 (0.85–1.18)	0.93 (0.73–1.19)
Stroke	1.22 (1.04–1.43)*	1.28 (1.02–1.61)*
Dementia	0.52 (0.43–0.63)†	0.70 (0.57–0.87)†
Number of medical comorbidities	1.08 (0.96–1.23)	1.14 (1.03–1.25)†
Self-rated health (reference: very good or excellent)
Poor or fair	0.95 (0.82–1.10)	1.08 (0.83–1.41)
Good	1.08 (0.91–1.28)	1.12 (0.85–1.49)
Hospital admission in past 2 years	0.49 (0.42–0.56)†	0.55 (0.47–0.65)†
Advance directive completed	0.63 (0.55–0.72)†	0.99 (0.83–1.17)
Death expected by family	0.49 (0.43–0.57)†	0.76 (0.64–0.90)†
Race (reference: non-Hispanic white)
Black	1.67 (1.39–2.02)†	1.63 (1.29–2.07)†
Hispanic or Latino	1.75 (1.34–2.29)†	1.46 (1.04–2.04)*
Asian–Pacific Islander	0.42 (0.14–1.26)	0.35 (0.13–0.96)*
Hospital Care Intensity Index (range 0–100)	1.01 (1.01–1.01)†	1.01 (1.00–1.01)†

Multivariable model adjusted for regional clustering according to Hospital Referral Region.

^*P < .05,

^† P < .01.

CI = confidence interval.