Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants as a whole and according to categories of total soy consumption level
| Total (n = 327) count (%) |
Level of soy consumption (frequency of intake) |
p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤1×/week (n = 62) count (%) | >1×/week - ≤1×/day (n = 85) count (%) | >1×/day - ≤3×/day (n = 111) count (%) | >3×/day (n = 69) count (%) | |||
|
Age, years |
|
|
|
|
|
0.574b |
| 12 |
26 (8.0%) |
6 (9.7%) |
7 (8.2%) |
9 (8.1%) |
4 (5.8%) |
|
| 13 |
51 (15.6%) |
8 (12.9%) |
13 (15.3%) |
19 (17.1%) |
11 (15.9%) |
|
| 14 |
56 (17.1%) |
9 (14.5%) |
17 (20.0%) |
19 (17.1%) |
11 (15.9%) |
|
| 15 |
61 (18.7%) |
7 (11.3%) |
18 (21.2%) |
19 (17.1%) |
17 (24.6%) |
|
| 16 |
59 (18.0%) |
14 (22.6%) |
8 (9.4%) |
21 (18.9%) |
16 (23.2%) |
|
| 17 |
50 (15.3%) |
14 (22.6%) |
15 (17.6%) |
14 (12.6%) |
7 (10.1%) |
|
| 18 |
24 (7.3%) |
4 (6.5%) |
7 (8.2%) |
10 (9.0%) |
3 (4.3%) |
|
|
Mean age (SD), years |
15.0 (1.5) |
15.2 (1.8) |
14.9 (1.8) |
14.9 (1.8)1 |
14.9 (1.5) |
0.771c |
|
Site |
|
|
|
|
|
0.006b |
| Michigan |
152 (46.5%) |
41 (66.1%) |
36 (42.4%) |
49 (44.1%) |
26 (37.7%) |
|
| California |
175 (53.5%) |
21 (33.9%) |
49 (57.6%) |
62 (55.9%) |
43 (62.3%) |
|
|
School |
|
|
|
|
|
<.0001b |
| Public |
38 (11.6%) |
23 (37.1%) |
8 (9.4%) |
4 (3.6%) |
3 (4.3%) |
|
| Private |
289 (88.4%) |
39 (62.9%) |
77 (90.6%) |
107 (96.4%) |
66 (95.7%) |
|
|
Mother’s education |
|
|
|
|
|
0.0008b |
| High school level/graduate |
63 (19.3%) |
24 (38.7%) |
13 (15.3%) |
13 (11.7%) |
13 (18.8%) |
|
| College level/degree |
133 (40.7%) |
26 (41.9%) |
41 (48.2%) |
50 (45.0%) |
30 (43.5%) |
|
| Masters/Doctoral level/degree |
131 (40.1%) |
12 (19.4%) |
31 (36.5%) |
48 (43.2%) |
26 (37.7%) |
|
|
Father’s education |
|
|
|
|
|
0.0001b |
| High school level/graduate |
68 (20.8%) |
24 (38.7%) |
21 (24.7%) |
13 (11.7%) |
10 (14.5%) |
|
| College level/degree |
113 (34.6%) |
28 (45.2%) |
35 (41.2%) |
43 (38.7%) |
21 (30.4%) |
|
| Masters/Doctoral level/degree |
146 (44.6%) |
10 (16.1%) |
29 (34.1%) |
55 (49.5%) |
38 (55.1%) |
|
|
Mother’s ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
0.0004b |
| White |
142 (43.4%) |
35 (56.5%) |
34 (40.0%) |
52 (46.8%) |
21 (30.4%) |
|
| Black |
34 (10.4%) |
3 (4.8%) |
10 (11.8%) |
13 (11.7%) |
8 (11.6%) |
|
| Hispanic |
65 (19.9%) |
15 (24.2%) |
15 (17.6%) |
16 (14.4%) |
19 (27.5%) |
|
| Asian |
50 (15.3%) |
3 (4.8%) |
8 (9.4%) |
22 (19.8%) |
17 (24.6%) |
|
| Other |
36 (11.0%) |
6 (9.7%) |
18 (21.2%) |
8 (7.2%) |
4 (5.8%) |
|
|
Father’s ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
0.004b |
| White |
144 (44.0%) |
36 (58.1%) |
31 (36.5%) |
53 (47.7%) |
24 (34.8%) |
|
| Black |
41 (12.5%) |
4 (6.5%) |
14 (16.5%) |
15 (13.5%) |
8 (11.6%) |
|
| Hispanic |
60 (18.3%) |
12 (19.4%) |
15 (17.6%) |
16 (14.4%) |
17 (24.6%) |
|
| Asian |
46 (14.1%) |
2 (3.2%) |
9 (10.6%) |
20 (18.0%) |
15 (21.7%) |
|
| Other |
36 (11.0%) |
8 (12.9%) |
16 (18.8%) |
7 (6.3%) |
5 (7.2%) |
|
|
Meat intake, frequency/week |
|
|
|
|
<.0001b |
|
| Never |
79 (24.2%) |
0 (0.0%) |
8 (9.4%) |
40 (36.0%) |
31 (44.9%) |
|
| ≤1x/day |
111 (33.9%) |
17 (27.4%) |
38 (44.7%) |
39 (35.1%) |
17 (24.6%) |
|
| >1x/day |
137 (41.9%) |
45 (72.6%) |
39 (45.9%) |
32 (28.8%) |
21 (30.4%) |
|
|
Median meat intake (IQR), svg/d |
5.5 (12.5) |
13.3 (12.5) |
7.0 (8.0) |
2.0 (8.0) |
1.5 (10.0) |
<.0001d |
|
Median BMI (IQR), kg/m
2
|
21.9 (4.2) |
22.3 (3.7) |
22.7 (4.7) |
21.3 (4.1) |
21.5 (3.8) |
0.088d |
|
Mean BMI z-score (SD) |
0.43 (1.02) |
0.57 (0.92) |
0.62 (1.14) |
0.28 (0.98) |
0.34 (1.01) |
0.084c |
|
Age at onset of menarche (AOM) |
|
|
|
|
|
0.498b |
| ≤9 |
13 (4.0%) |
3 (4.8%) |
4 (4.7%) |
4 (3.6%) |
2 (2.9%) |
|
| 10 |
27 (8.3%) |
6 (9.7%) |
10 (11.8%) |
7 (6.3%) |
4 (5.8%) |
|
| 11 |
39 (11.9%) |
2 (3.2%) |
12 (14.1%) |
13 (11.7% ) |
12 (17.4%) |
|
| 12 |
122 (37.3%) |
30 (48.4%) |
26 (30.6%) |
43 (38.7%) |
23 (33.3%) |
|
| 13 |
48 (14.7%) |
7 (11.3%) |
11 (12.9%) |
19 (17.1%) |
11 (15.9%) |
|
| 14 |
33 (10.1%) |
5 (8.1%) |
8 (9.4%) |
10 (9.0%) |
10 (14.5%) |
|
| ≥15 |
11 (3.4%) |
2 (3.2%) |
4 (4.7%) |
4 (3.6%) |
1 (1.4%) |
|
| Not yet |
34 (10.4%) |
7 (11.3%) |
10 (11.8%) |
11 (9.9%) |
6 (8.7%) |
|
| Mean AOM (SD) a | 12.5 (1.4) | 12.5 (1.4) | 12.4 (1.6) | 12.6 (1.3) | 12.6 (1.3) | 0.835 |
aExcludes those who have no menarche as yet.
bChi-square test.
cOne-way ANOVA.
dKruskal-Wallis test.