Table I.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors in patients with bladder cancer and healthy controls.
| Characteristics | Cases (n=480) | Controls (n=420) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, no. (%) | |||
| Male | 272 (56.7) | 218 (51.9) | 0.15 |
| Female | 208 (43.3) | 202 (48.1) | 0.15 |
| Age, years ± SD | 54.4±7.8 | 53.6±8.4 | 0.46 |
| Smoking status, no. (%) | |||
| Smoker | 226 (47.1) | 158 (37.6) | <0.01 |
| Non-smoker | 254 (52.9) | 262 (62.4) | <0.01 |
| Tumor stage, no. (%) | |||
| Superficial (Tis-T1) | 189 (39.4) | - | - |
| Invasive (T2–T4) | 291 (60.6) | - | - |
| Tumor grade, no. (%) | |||
| Low (G1+G2) | 338 (70.4) | - | - |
| High (G3) | 142 (29.6) | - | - |
| Histological type, no. (%) | |||
| Papillary | 392 (81.7) | - | - |
| Non-papillary | 88 (18.3) | - | - |