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. 2014 May 21;9:2387–2398. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S58357

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© 2014 Wang et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Analysis of cell differentiation in medium extractions and accumulated magnesium ion release. Alkaline phosphatase staining (A) and quantitative assay (C) carried out in medium extraction, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in medium extractions (B), and accumulated magnesium ion release at 6 and 12 days (D).

Notes: ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 versus NT group; *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus Mg30 group.

Abbreviations: NT, hierarchical hybrid micro/nanostructured titanium surfaces; Mg30, hierarchical hybrid micro/nanostructured titanium surfaces followed by magnesium ion implantation for 30 minutes; Mg60, hierarchical hybrid micro/nanostructured titanium surfaces followed by magnesium ion implantation for 60 minutes; mRNA, messenger RNA; D, day; OCN, osteocalcin; OPN, osteopontin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; OD, optical density.