Table 2.

Unadjusted and adjusted treatment effects on change in BMD by region.

Change in BMD by Region	Exercise (n=95)		Diet (n=88)		Diet + Exercise (n=101)		Overall p-value*
	Mean (95% CI)	% Chg	Mean (95% CI)	% Chg	Mean (95% CI)	% Chg
Δ Total Hip BMD (mg/cm2)
Unadjusted	−2.1 (−8.2, 4.0)	−0.2	−24.0 (−30.3, −17.6)	−2.5	−19.4 (−25.3, −13.5)	−2.0	<0.01**
Adjusted	−2.0 (−8.5, 4.4)	−0.2	−23.7 (−30.3, −17.2)	−2.4	−19.5 (−25.8, 13.2)	−2.0	<0.01**
Δ Femoral Neck BMD (mg/cm2)
Unadjusted	−2.6 (−8.2, 2.9)	−0.3	−15.3 (−21.0, −9.5)	−1.9	−14.4 (−19.8, −9.1)	−1.8	<0.01**
Adjusted	−0.8 (−6.6, 5.0)	−0.1	−13.2 (−19.1, −7.3)	−1.7	−12.5 (−18.1, −6.8)	−1.6	<0.01**
Δ Spine BMD (mg/cm2)
Unadjusted	5.2 (−2.1, 12.4)	0.5	3.5 (−4.0, 11.0)	0.3	−0.9 (−7.9, 6.1)	−0.1	0.47
Adjusted	7.5 (−0.2, 15.1)	0.7	5.4 (−2.4, 13.2)	0.5	1.5 (−6.0, 9.0)	0.1	0.50

Unadjusted estimates are based on a one-way ANOVA at 18 months. Model-adjusted estimates control for gender, baseline BMI and baseline risk factor value. Abbreviations: BMD = areal bone mineral density; n = sample size; SE = standard error.

^*p-value at 18 months performed based on test from a contrast statement to compare groups.

^**E differs significantly from D and D+E (p<0.01)