Figure 2.

Pulmonary function and pathology in each experimental rat group. (a) TV, PEF, and EF50. (b) Lung histomorphology observations by light microscope. Control group (magnification ×100): pulmonary tissue was smooth and there was no inflammation and cell infiltration, no hyperemia, or no swelling. COPD group (magnification ×100): pulmonary tissue showed upregulation of a severe inflammatory response with visible increases in lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. Bronchial and pulmonary wall thickness, degree of bronchial stenosis, and alveolar diameter were significantly higher. BYF group (magnification ×100): inflammation around trachea lessened after BYF therapy. The number of inflammatory cells decreased dramatically.