Table 2.
Pre- and post-testing performance and significance of change on English, Spanish, and nonlinguistic cognitive processing measures as a function of treatment condition.
| NCP | English | Bilingual | Control | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre | post | p | d | pre | post | p | d | pre | post | p | d | pre | post | p | d | |
| ROW-E | 76.1 | 77.9 | 0.306 | 0.30 | 73.4 | 76.4 | 0.089 | 0.43 | 78.5 | 81.9 | 0.073 | 0.41 | 73.3 | 74.1 | 0.588 | 0.18 |
| 62.1 | 65.3 | 0.204 | 0.31 | 53.7 | 58.1 | 0.064 | 0.31 | 68.4 | 73.1 | 0.044 | 0.28 | 57.2 | 59.70 | 0.375 | 0.20 | |
| EOW-E | 64.9 | 67.1 | 0.084 | 0.26 | 61.1 | 68.3 | <0.001* | 0.82 | 69.3 | 73.6 | 0.017* | 0.55 | 60.5 | 64.6 | 0.068 | 0.60 |
| 44.2 | 48.8 | 0.009* | 0.29 | 35.8 | 45.8 | <0.001* | 0.79 | 54.4 | 60.1 | 0.011* | 0.36 | 36.5 | 43.00 | 0.028* | 0.36 | |
| CELF-E | 49.9 | 53.8 | 0.020* | 0.33 | 47.8 | 54.7 | 0.001* | 0.60 | 52.7 | 59.2 | 0.014* | 0.72 | 45.3 | 46.4 | 0.237 | 0.16 |
| 61.7 | 70.1 | 0.005* | 0.25 | 47.1 | 64.2 | <0.001* | 0.45 | 74.9 | 90.5 | <0.001* | 0.50 | 54.7 | 58.27 | 0.335 | 0.10 | |
| NWR-E | 53.2 | 54.1 | 0.819 | 0.05 | 53.4 | 56.4 | 0.383 | 0.19 | 58.0 | 65.2 | 0.027* | 0.76 | 50.5 | 52.5 | 0.806 | -0.10 |
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| ROW-S | 73.9 | 74.1 | 0.970 | 0.01 | 70.2 | 70.3 | 0.980 | 0.01 | 68.9 | 71.7 | 0.479 | 0.17 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 58.5 | 55.3 | 0.640 | -0.18 | 47.0 | 48.2 | 0.730 | 0.07 | 46.9 | 56.6 | 0.059 | 0.48 | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| EOW-S | 66.7 | 68.0 | 0.649 | 0.08 | 68.6 | 73.1 | 0.179 | 0.21 | 61.0 | 66.1 | 0.032* | 0.43 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 33.8 | 35.7 | 0.450 | 0.14 | 32.7 | 35.3 | 0.247 | 0.24 | 28.5 | 35.6 | <0.001* | 0.61 | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| CELF-S | 59.7 | 59.6 | 0.954 | 0.00 | 64.8 | 67.0 | 0.222 | 0.16 | 60.3 | 62.5 | 0.183 | 0.22 | 56.2 | 57.6 | 0.505 | 0.14 |
| 53.3 | 56.3 | 0.309 | 0.10 | 52.3 | 59.5 | 0.038 | 0.20 | 54.2 | 59.1 | 0.028* | 0.19 | 47.0 | 52.18 | 0.173 | 0.17 | |
| NWR-S | 62.8 | 74.8 | 0.020* | 0.54 | 63.7 | 67.5 | 0.541 | 0.17 | 78.0 | 74.0 | 0.113 | −0.36 | 65.0 | 65.5 | 0.94 | 0.02 |
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| CVD | 708.8 | 646.1 | 0.016* | 0.78 | 857.0 | 755.1 | 0.004* | 0.71 | 684.0 | 744.4 | 0.002* | −0.43 | 661.6 | 673.6 | 0.703 | 0.15 |
| SSA | 3.7 | 4.0 | 0.097 | 0.34 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 0.017* | 0.52 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 0.084 | 0.45 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 0.01* | 0.46 |
| ASM | 2.5 | 2.8 | 0.300 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 0.018* | 0.46 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 0.364 | 0.19 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 0.224 | 0.37 |
Note. Table displays the group means before and after treatment for unadjusted scores. For standardized tests (ROW, EOW, CELF), raw scores are listed in rows with gray shadow and standard scores in rows without shadow. The control group was omitted from the ROW-S and EOW-S analyses due to small group size for those variables. Positive d values indicate improvement from pre- to post-testing. See Table 1 Note for descriptions of variables and a list of abbreviations.
indicates comparisons that reached significance after controlling the false discovery rate at 0.10 (Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995).