Figure 2.

Lipid tubule formation induced by LPS in PBS. (A) AFM topographs showing a DOPC sLBA in PBS at low and high magnification. A height profile across the lower image (dashed white line) shows a relatively flat surface. (B) LSCM of the DOPC sLBA (doped with 0.5% green fluorescent lipids) in PBS before and after addition of 100 μg/mL LPS. Sequential images are shown at selected time periods after addition of the LPS. (C) Representative epifluorescence microscopy image of lipid tubules. (D) Representative TIRFM image showing long tubules. The background of green fluorescence suggested a homogenous lipid bilayer (note: 45° periodic noise is an optical artifact that should be ignored). To see this figure in color, go online.