Table 2.
Exclusion criteria a
| Exclusion criteria | Rationales | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Patient claims visit was not for low back pain |
Study restricted to low back pain |
TI |
| Low back pain has lasted <3 months |
Low back pain not chronic |
TI |
| Self-rated bothersomeness of pain rating of <4 (on 0 to 10 scale) and pain interference with activities rating <3 (on 0 to 10 scale) during previous week |
Back pain too mild to detect improvement |
TI |
| Abdominal aneurysm |
Back pain due to or possibly result of specific disease or condition |
A |
| Cancer in previous 5 years, other than basal cell or squamous cell cancer of the skin |
|
A, TI |
| Discitis |
|
A |
| Degenerative disc disease |
|
A |
| Fracture of vertebra |
|
A, TI |
| Infectious cause of back pain |
|
TI |
| Pregnancy |
|
TI |
| Scoliosis, severe or progressive |
|
A, TI |
| Spinal stenosis |
|
A, TI |
| Spondylolisthesis |
|
A, TI |
| Back surgery within previous 2 years |
Back problem is complicated by medical or medicolegal issues |
TI |
| Seeking or receiving compensation for back pain or involved in litigation related to back pain | ||
| Blindness |
Condition might make it difficult to attend the classes or practice at home |
A |
| Deafness |
|
A |
| No way to play home practice audio recordings at home |
|
TI |
| Paralysis |
|
A |
| Psychoses, major |
|
A, TI |
| Schedules do not permit participation in classes or home practice (including planning to move out of town) |
|
TI |
| Vision problems, severe |
|
TI |
| Hearing problems, severe |
|
TI |
| Lack of transportation |
|
TI |
| Fibromyalgia |
Condition or circumstance might confound treatment effects or interpretation of data |
TI |
| Rheumatoid arthritis and/or anklyosing spondylitis |
|
A, TI |
| Other disabling chronic conditions (for example, disabling heart or lung disease, diabetic neuropathy, receiving treatment for hepatitis) |
|
TI |
| Planning on seeing a specialist for back pain (for example, surgeon, neurologist, rheumatologist) |
|
TI |
| Dementia |
Condition would make it difficult to provide fully informed consent |
A |
| Unable to read or speak English |
|
TI |
| Currently taking a mind–body class for back pain or class taken within previous 1 year | Possible bias due to current or recent interventions | TI |
aA, Automated data gathered from visits; TI, Telephone interview.