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. 2014 Apr 30;12(5):2408–2421. doi: 10.3390/md12052408

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Synthesis of poly-(1,3-alkylpyridinium) salts. Reagents and conditions: for R = alkyl chain: (i) HBr, toluene, reflux overnight followed by neutralization to yield products with X = Br; thionyl chloride, dichloromethane, room temperature to yield products with X = Cl; (ii) reflux in acetonitrile or methanol (in the presence of a small amount of KCl for monomeric chloride), followed by microwave irradiation at 130 °C for the time length stated for each compound under the experimental section. Adapted from Zovko et al. [29], with permission from © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.