Detection of DMS/PCs vigour. (a) Colony-forming cell assay of DMS/PCs for passage 3, passage 17, passage 31, and passage 45, respectively, indicating the self-renewal ability of cultured DMS/PCs reduced gradually with the increase of passage number. (b) DMS/PCs before freezing and after recovery. (A) Before freezing; (B) after recovery (bar = 100 μm). (c) Growth curve of different passages DMS/PCs. The growth curve of DMS/PCs appeared as typical “S” shape and the population doubling time (PDT) was 49.73 h, 50.36 h, 55.03 h, and 58.18 h for passage 3, passage 17, passage 31, and passage 45, respectively, on the base of the growth curve.