Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2014 Jun 11;8:62. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00062

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2014 Brewer, Baran, Whitfield, Jensen and Clemens.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Modulation of spinal reflex amplitudes (SRAs) by morphine. (A1) Example of a reflex response recorded from ventral roots (10 consecutive sweeps superimposed). Stimulation of a dorsal root (at stimulus artifact) induced a monosynaptic reflex response (MSR) in the corresponding ventral root. The boxed region identifies the epochs chosen to calculate the amplitude of the spinal reflex amplitude (SRA) represented in (A2). (A2) The rectification and subsequent integration of the epochs identified in (A1) led to the signal values highlighted in the boxed region. The final maximal values of each epoch were used as a measurement of the SRA for each sweep, and used in the subsequent analysis steps represented in panels (B,C), and Figures 4, 5. (B1) Typical time course of control SRAs in WT before and during bath-application of 1 μM morphine (control: black symbols; morphine: white symbols). During morphine, reflex amplitudes gradually decreased in amplitude. (B2) Normalized SRAs in WT (n = 6). Morphine led to a significant reduction in SRA. ^*p = 0.004. (C1) Typical time course of control SRAs in D3KO before and during bath-application of 1 μM morphine (control: black symbols; morphine: white symbols). (C2) Normalized SRAs in D3KO (n = 12). In these animals, morphine had no significant effect on SRA.